tailieunhanh - Engineering in music (Second Edition): Part 2

Continued part 1, the content of Engineering in music (Second Edition): Part 2 includes: silver machine sequencers and Midi, got to get you into my life sound recording, bits’n’ pieces digital audio, space odyssey stereo and spatial sound, let’s stick together recording consoles, unchained melody amplifiers, shout loudspeakers, synchronicity video and synchronization. | 8 Silver Machine - Sequencers and MIDI Analogue sequencers Digital synthesisers and their associated digital control system MIDI are now so ubiquitous that it might be possible to think the control of analogue synthesisers was a subject hardly worth covering. And yet as modern musicians increasingly renounce modern digital instruments and turn instead to analogue synthesis in search of new inspiration and new expressive possibilities the wise and truly competent recording engineer must be aware of older instrument control technologies. These are covered briefly here. CV and gate control What does the following really mean Figure Well it indicates a particular note the A above middle C should be played for a single beat the beat s duration being defined by the metronome marking above the stave. It also tells you how loud the note should be played actually in this case it only says piano or soft in Italian . But the control system we call musical notation is pretty good because it conveys a great deal of information in a way we as humans are able to make use of quickly and easily. As we shall see when we come to study MIDI each of these pieces of information is conveyed in a MIDI message too in the form of a digital code. 184 Silver Machine - Sequencers and MIDI 185 Just as written music is suitable for a human machine and a digital code is suitable for a digital synthesiser it should be no surprise that an analogue synthesiser expects analogue control information. Such information travels in an analogue installation on an interface known as the CV and Gate interface. The control voltage CV and gate interface has two fundamental components 1 A pitch control voltage. A widespread relationship is one volt per octave or mV per semitone . 2 Control pulse to trigger the sound. There exists very little standardisation as to gate-pulse requirements but the standard is a 5 V pulse for the duration of the note. However some synthesisers expect a short-to-ground .

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