tailieunhanh - Project Planning and Control Part 4

Với sự phát triển của các máy tính cá nhân (PC) và mở rộng của CNTT, đặc biệt là Internet, rất nhiều các kỹ thuật quản lý dự án bây giờ có thể thực hiện trên mạng. | 17 Computer analysis Most manufacturers of computer hardware and many suppliers of computer software have written programs for analysing critical path networks using computers. While the various commercially available programs differ in detail they all follow a basic pattern and give by and large a similar range of outputs. In certain circumstances a contractor may be obliged by his contractual commitments to provide a computerized output report for his client. Indeed when a client organization has standardized on a particular project management system for controlling the overall project the contractor may well be required to use the same proprietary system so that the contractor s reports can be integrated into the overall project control system on a regular basis. History The development of network analysis techniques more or less coincided with that of the digital computer. The early network analysis programs were therefore limited by the storage and processing capacity of the computer as well as the input and output facilities. Project Planning and Control The techniques employed mainly involved producing punched cards one card for each activity and feeding them into the machine via a card reader. These procedures were time consuming and tedious and because the punching of the cards was carried out by an operator who usually understood little of the program or its purpose mistakes occurred which only became apparent after the printout was produced. Even then the error was not immediately apparent - only the effect. It then often took hours to scan through the reams of printout sheets before the actual mistake could be located and rectified. To add to the frustration of the planner the new printout may still have given ridiculous answers because a second error was made on another card. In this way it often required several runs before a satisfactory output could be issued. In an endeavour to eliminate punching errors attempts were made to use two separate .