tailieunhanh - Behavioral research and methods (Thirteenth edition): Part 2

(BQ) Continued part 1, Behavioral research and methods (Thirteenth edition): Part 2 has contents: Conducting experiments, complex experimental designs, single case, quasi experimental, and developmental research, understanding research results - statistical inference,. and other contents. Invite you to refer this document. | page 182 9 Conducting Experiments Guennadi lakoutchik Shutterstock LEARNING OBJECTIVES Distinguish between straightforward and staged manipulations of an independent variable. Describe the three types of dependent variables self-report behavioral and physiological. Discuss sensitivity of a dependent variable contrasting floor effects and ceiling effects. Describe ways to control participant expectations and experimenter expectations. List the reasons for conducting pilot studies. Describe the advantages of including a manipulation check in an experiment. page 183 THE PREVIOUS CHAPTERS HAVE LAID THE FOUNDATION FOR PLANNING A RESEARCH INVESTIGATION. In this chapter we will focus on some very practical aspects of conducting research. How do you select the research participants What should you consider when deciding how to manipulate an independent variable What should you worry about when you measure a variable What do you do when the study is completed 300 301 SELECTING RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS The focus of your study may be children college students elderly adults employees rats pigeons or even cockroaches or flatworms in all cases the participants or subjects must somehow be selected. The method used to select participants can have a profound impact on the external validity of your study. Remember that external validity is defined as the extent to which results from a study can be generalized to other populations and settings. Most research projects involve sampling research participants from a population of interest. The population is composed of all of the individuals of interest to the researcher. As you recall from the chapter Asking People About Themselves Survey Research samples may be drawn from the population using probability sampling or nonprobability sampling techniques. When it is important to accurately describe the population you must use probability sampling. This is why probability .

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