tailieunhanh - The handbook of human brain: Part 2

(BQ) Continued part 1, part 2 of the document has contents: Emotions and feelings, the social brain, the individual brain, the individual brain, development and aging, language and communication, movement and control,. and other contents. Invite you to refer. | LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION GESTURES AND BODY LANGUAGE WE SIGNAL OUR THOUGHTS FEELINGS AND INTENTIONS BYGESTUREANDBODY LANGUAGE AS WELL AS BY SPEECH. HALF OF OURCOMMUNICATIONISTYPIGALLY NONVERBAL AND WHEN THEY CONFLICT GESTURES SPEAK LOUDERTHANWORDS. MIRRORING PARENTS By three months old babies have the ability to follow another person s eye gaze and they are quick to pick up any emotion contained in a look. Experiments show that if a parent looks toward something and displays fear for example by widening their eyes the child is very likely to mirror this reaction and be scared too even if the object is clearly harmless. EYE TALK Human eyes convey information through facial expression and movement. Unlike in most species the visible white of the human eye makes it easy to see in which direction a person is looking and thus where their attention is directed. People have a strong instinct to follow another s eye gaze and this simple mechanism ensures that when someone is in sight of another person they can manipulate each other s attention and share information without even having to communicate with words. STRONG SIGNALERS Pupils dilate when a person has an emotional reaction. Some drugs have a similar effect belladonnawasonce used by women to send signals of sexual excitement. BODY LANGUAGE Body language is mostly instinctive consisting largely of unconscious breakthrough acts. Some of these are remnants of primitive re exes when other living things were often seen primarily as either predator or prey. These ancient re exes program us to approach small soft stimuli which suggest prey and to withdraw from strong hard stimuli which suggest a predator. Aggression is usually shown through tensed muscles and an upright or forward-leaning stance indicating that a predator is ready to pounce. Fear is displayed by a softer body contour and backward stance indicating that the prey is preparing to ee. When emotions are mixed EXPRESSION AND BODY LANGUAGE STUDY When body .