tailieunhanh - Diagnostic ultrasound - Handbook of manual: Part 2

(BQ) Continued part 1, part 2 of the document Diagnostic ultrasound - Handbook of manual has contents: Kidneys and ureters, urinaty bladder, ultrasound guided needle puncture, gynaecology (non-pregnant frmale pelvis), obstetrics,. and other contents. Invite you to refer. | CHAPTER 13 Kidneys and ureters Indications 152 Preparation 152 Scanning technique 152 Normal kidney 154 Adrenal suprarenal glands 156 Absent kidney 157 Large kidney 158 Renal cysts 162 Renal masses 164 Small kidney 168 Renal calculi stones 169 Trauma 170 Perirenal fluid 171 Retroperitoneal masses 171 Suprarenal mass 171 Ureters 172 Renal differential diagnosis 173 152 Kidneys and ureters Indications 1. Renal or ureteric pain. 2. Suspected renal mass large kidney . 3. Non-functioning kidney on urography. 4. Haematuria. 5. Recurrent urinary infection. 6. Trauma. 7. Suspected polycystic disease. 8. Pyrexia of unknown origin or postoperative complication. 9. Renal failure of unknown origin. 10. Schistosomiasis. Ultrasound cannot assess renal function. Preparation 1. Preparation of the patient. No preparation is required. If the urinary bladder is to be examined the patient should drink water see p. 176 . 2. Position of the patient start with the patient lying on his her back supine . Cover the right upper abdomen liberally with coupling agent. 3. Choice of transducer. For adults use a MHz transducer. For children and thin adults use a MHz transducer. 4. Setting the correct gain start by placing the transducer over the right upper abdomen. Angle the beam as necessary and adjust the gain to obtain the best image of the renal parenchyma. Scanning technique The right kidney can be seen best with the patient supine using the liver as an acoustic window. Scanning is always done in deep suspended inspiration ask the patient to take a deep breath and hold the breath in. Do not forget to tell the patient to relax and breathe normally again. Start with a longitudinal scan over the right upper abdomen and then follow with a transverse scan. Next rotate the patient to the left lateral decubitus position to visualize the right kidney in this coronal view. Patient holds breath in during scanning. Kidneys and ureters 153 To visualize the left kidney apply coupling agent to .