tailieunhanh - Physiology and anatomy (Fifth edition): Part 2

(BQ) Continued part 1, part 2 of the document Physiology and anatomy (Fifth edition) has contents: The cardiovascular system, the lymphatic system and immunity, the respiratory system, the nervous system, the endocrine system, the reproductive system, the digestive system, and other contents. Invite you to refer. | The cardiovascular system Introduction The cardiovascular system is the body s transport system and comprises blood blood vessels and the heart. Blood provides the fluid environment for our body s cells and is transported in specialised tubes called blood vessels. The heart acts like a pump which keeps the blood circulating constantly around the body. OBJECTIVES By the end of this chapter you will understand the composition and functions of blood the structural and functional significance of the different types of blood cells the structural and functional differences between the different blood vessels the major blood vessels of the heart the pulmonary and systemic blood circulation the main arteries of the head neck and body the main veins of the head neck and body blood pressure and the pulse rate common pathologies of the circulatory system the interrelationships between the cardiovascular and other body systems. Anatomy Physiology In practice It is essential for therapists to have a good working knowledge of the cardiovascular system in order to be able to understand the physiological effects of treatments. Treatments such as massage help to improve circulation by assisting the venous flow back to the heart. By enhancing blood flow delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues is improved and the removal of waste products is hastened. Blood Blood is the fluid tissue or medium in which all materials are transported to and from individual cells in the body. Blood is therefore the chief transport system of the body. The composition of blood The percentage composition of blood Blood is 55 plasma a clear pale yellow and slightly alkaline fluid. The other 45 of blood is made up of the blood cells erythrocytes red blood cells leucocytes white blood cells and thrombocytes platelets . Plasma consists of 91 water 9 dissolved blood proteins waste digested food materials mineral salts and hormones. Blood types Although all blood has the same basic elements not all blood

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• The nervous system
• The endocrine system
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• The digestive system
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• Central nervous system
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• Upper digestive system
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