tailieunhanh - Anatomy clinical - Introduction (Fourteenth edition): Part 2

(BQ) Continued part 1, part 2 of the document Anatomy clinical - Introduction (Fourteenth edition) has contents: Surface anatomy and surface markings of the lower limb, the bones and joints of the lower limb, the arteries of the lower limb, surface anatomy of the neck, the tongue and floor of the mouth,. and other contents. Invite you to refer. | Part 4 The Lower Limb Clinical Anatomy Applied Anatomy for Students and Junior Doctors Fourteenth Edition. Harold Ellis and Vishy Mahadevan. 2019 John Wiley Sons Ltd. Published 2019 by John Wiley Sons Ltd. Companion website 14edition Surface anatomy and surface markings of the lower limb Anatomically the upper and lower limbs are comparable to each other as regards the arrangement of the bones joints main muscle groups vessels and nerves. However compared with the complex movements of the upper limb designed to place the hand in a multiplicity of positions together with the intricate and multiple functions of the hand fingers and thumb the functions of the lower limb are simple indeed - first to act as a rigid column in the standing position and second to turn into a lever system when the subject walks or runs. As with the upper limb several aspects of the important clinical anatomy of the lower limb can be examined reviewed and revised on yourself your colleagues or your patients. Bones and joints The tip of the anterior superior spine of the ilium is easily felt and may be visible in the thin subject. The greater trochanter of the femur lies a hand s breadth below the iliac crest it is best palpated with the hip passively abducted so that the overlying hip abductors tensor fasciae latae and gluteus medius and minimus are relaxed. In the very thin patient the greater trochanter may be seen as a prominent bulge and its overlying skin is a common site for a pressure sore to form in such a case. The ischial tuberosity is covered by gluteus maximus when one stands. In the sitting position however the muscle slips away laterally so that weight is taken directly on the bone. To palpate this bony point therefore feel for it uncovered by gluteus maximus in the flexed position of the hip. At the knee the patella forms a prominent landmark. When quadriceps femoris is relaxed this bone is freely mobile from side to side note that this is so .