tailieunhanh - Support life for advanced trauma (Tenth edition): Part 2

(BQ) Continued part 1, part 2 of the document Support life for advanced trauma (Tenth edition) has contents: Spine and spinal cord trauma, musculoskeletal trauma, thermal injuries, pediatric trauma, geriatric trauma, trauma in pregnancy and intimate partner violence,. and other contents. Invite you to refer. | 7 SPINE AND SPINAL CORD TRAUMA Because spine injury can occur with both blunt and penetrating trauma and with or without neurological de cits it must be considered in all patients with multiple injuries. These patients require limitation of spinal motion to protect the spine from further damage until spine injury has been ruled out. ChAPTER 7 OUTLINE OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Spinal Column Spinal Cord Anatomy Dermatomes Myotomes Neurogenic Shock versus Spinal Shock Effects on Other Organ Systems DOCUMENTATION OF SPINAL CORD INJURIES Level Severity of Neurologic Deficit Spinal Cord Syndromes Morphology SPECIFIC TYPES OF SPINAL INJURIES RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION Cervical Spine Thoracic and Lumbar Spine GENERAL MANAGEMENT Spinal Motion Restriction Intravenous Fluids Medications Transfer TEAMWORK SUMMARY BIBLIOGRAPHY Cervical Spine Fractures Thoracic Spine Fractures Thoracolumbar Junction Fractures T11 through L1 Lumbar Fractures Penetrating Injuries Blunt Carotid and Vertebral Artery Injuries OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter and comprehending the knowledge components of the ATLS provider course you will be able to 1. Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the spine. 2. Describe the appropriate evaluation of a patient with suspected spinal injury and documentation of injury. 3. Identify the common types of spinal injuries and the x-ray features that help identify them. 4. Describe the appropriate treatment of patients with spinal injuries during the first hours after injury. 5. Determine the appropriate disposition of patients with spine trauma. BACK TO TABLE OF CONTENTS 129 130 CHAPTER7 Spine and Spinal Cord Trauma Spine injury with or without neurological de cits must always be considered in patients with multiple injuries. Approximately of patients with brain injury have an associated spinal injury whereas of patients with spinal injury have at least a mild brain injury. Approximately of spinal injuries occur in the cervical region in .