tailieunhanh - Lecture Organizational behavior - Chapter 5: Introducing organizational behavior

After reading this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions: What is motivation? How do human needs influence motivation? How does perceived equity influence motivation? How does expectancy influence motivation? How do goals and goal setting influence motivation? | Chapter 5 Motivation Theories Achievement requires effort 1 Chapter Study Questions What is motivation? How do human needs influence motivation? How does perceived equity influence motivation? How does expectancy influence motivation? How do goals and goal setting influence motivation? Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5-2 2 What is Motivation? Motivation Forces within the individual forces that account for the direction, level, and persistence of a person’s effort expended at work. Direction - an individual’s choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. Level - the amount of effort a person puts forth. Persistence - the length of time a person sticks with a given action. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5-3 3 What is Motivation? Types of motivation theories Content theories Focus on individual needs – that is, physiological or psychological deficiencies that individuals feel a compulsion to reduce or eliminate. Process theories Focus on how cognitive | Chapter 5 Motivation Theories Achievement requires effort 1 Chapter Study Questions What is motivation? How do human needs influence motivation? How does perceived equity influence motivation? How does expectancy influence motivation? How do goals and goal setting influence motivation? Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5-2 2 What is Motivation? Motivation Forces within the individual forces that account for the direction, level, and persistence of a person’s effort expended at work. Direction - an individual’s choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. Level - the amount of effort a person puts forth. Persistence - the length of time a person sticks with a given action. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5-3 3 What is Motivation? Types of motivation theories Content theories Focus on individual needs – that is, physiological or psychological deficiencies that individuals feel a compulsion to reduce or eliminate. Process theories Focus on how cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5-4 4 How do Human Needs Influence Motivation? Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory Identifies five levels of individual needs. Assumes that some needs are more important than others and must be satisfied before the other needs can serve as motivators. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5-5 5 Figure : Higher-order and lower-order needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5-6 6 How do Human Needs Influence Motivation? Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5-7 Alderfer’s ERG Theory of Motivation 7 How do Human Needs Influence Motivation? Acquired needs theory Need for achievement (nAch). The desire to do something better or more efficiently, to solve problems, or to master complex tasks. Need for affiliation (nAff). The desire to establish and maintain friendly and warm relations with others. Need for power .