tailieunhanh - Ebook Microscopic magnetic resonance imaging: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Microscopic magnetic resonance imaging" has contents: Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance microscopy, manganese enhanced magnetic resonance microscopy, a bit of history. and other contents. | Chapter 6 Sample Preparation Tissue samples used in MRM are divided in two categories: fixed and alive. Fixed tissues are easier to handle and can withstand long acquisition times. A drawback is that the fixation process can alter the measurements (image SNR and contrast). Alive specimens require perfusion systems adapted to the limited available space and the high magnetic field within the scanner. In this chapter, we describe a number of practical considerations regarding sample preparation and perfusion system design which should be followed in order to ensure good quality MRM images. Fixed Tissues For ex vivo MR measurements, tissue samples are usually chemically fixed, aiming to preserve their in vivo properties as much as possible. Small samples (Aplysia californica ganglia, brain slices) can be chemically fixed by immersion in a medium containing a fixation agent. Larger samples (whole mouse or rat brains) are difficult to fix through immersion as they can begin to deteriorate during the time necessary for the penetration of the fixative and before the fixation process is complete. In such cases, it is recommended to perform Microscopic Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Practical Perspective Luisa Ciobanu c 2017 Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd. Copyright ISBN 978-981-4774-71-0 (Paperback), 978-981-4774-42-0 (Hardback), 978-1-315-10732-5 (eBook) 64 Sample Preparation a transcardiac perfusion (perfusion through the left ventricle, for details see Ref. (Dazai, 2011)). The most popular solution used for fixation is 4% formaldehyde in phosphate-buffer solution (PBS), but other fixatives such as 4% glutaraldehyde, or 2% formaldehyde plus 2% glutaraldehyde have also been used. After fixation the samples are typically washed in PBS solution to remove the fixative and then placed in Fluorinert for imaging. The placement of the sample in Fluorinert during imaging is not obligatory but it is recommended as it presents several advantages. First, Fluorinert

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