tailieunhanh - Ebook Boh’s pharmacy practice manual - A guide to the clinical experience (4E): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book “Boh’s pharmacy practice manual - A guide to the clinical experience” has contents: Fluid and electrolyte therapy, enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, pharmacy calculations, clinical pharmacokinetics, clinical drug monitoring, pain management, vaccines and pharmacists as immunizers, and other contents. | 10 Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy Pauline A. Low This chapter provides reference information to assess each of the general approach elements to intravenous (IV) fluid and electrolyte therapy included in Box . The information in this chapter must be used in the context of good clinical judgment. Fluid Distribution Within the Body Total Body Water ■■ The amount of water present within the body is described as total body water (TBW). TBW for adults is estimated by using Equation . Total body water (L) = Adult males: weight (kg) × Adult females: weight (kg) × ()   ■■ The percentage of body weight composed of water, declines as we age. Newborns typically have around 75% to 85% body weight as water, whereas adult males have 60% and females about 40% (variable; these estimations are not valid for obese patients or patients with larger than average muscle mass).1 ■■ Most body water is housed within cells. Since adult males generally have a higher muscle cell mass than adult females, they will have a higher volume of body water (accounted for in the equation by applying a higher multiplication factor). ■■ TBW is used to help select an appropriate IV fluid as well as to ­provide information for fluid and electrolyte dosing. 360 360 1/21/2014 9:48:07 AM Chapter 10   Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy 361 Box   General Approach to IV Fluid/Electrolyte Therapy 1.  Determine clinical goals based on the specific patient. 2.  Identify which IV fluids and/or electrolytes will assist with achieving clinical goals and make appropriate selection. Consider the following: ■■ IV access (central or peripheral IV line) ■■ Oral intake capability of patient ■■ All sources of fluids and/or electrolytes ■■ IV fluid and electrolyte distribution characteristics 3.  For fluids: determine volume needs and the associated fluid rate. ■■ Consider maintenance fluid needs as well as replacement of excessive losses and requisite electrolyte content 4.  For .

• Y khoa - Dược
• Vaccines and Pharmacists as Immunizers
• Electrolyte therapy
• Enteral nutrition
• Parenteral nutrition
• Pharmacy calculations
• Clinical pharmacokinetics
• Clinical drug monitoring
• Pain management
• Pain Medicine
• Alternative Medicine
• Pain Perception
• Musculoskeletal Pain
• Therapeutic Techniques
• BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Randomised controlled trial
• Arm pain
• While awaiting treatment
• Greek oncological Nurses
• Management of cancer pain
• Cancer pain in community
• Cancer pain
• Provide individualized care plans
• Interventional pain management
• Ultrasound guided spine injections
• Ultrasound guided abdominal
• Spine sonoanatomy
• Ultrasound technical aspects
• BMC Anesthesiology
• Gamma Aminobutyric acid
• Therapeutic use
• Drug therapy
• Procedure specific pain management
• Postoperative pain management
• Pain stages of change
• Self management
• Rasch analysis
• BMC Geriatrics
• Chronic pain
• Community dwelling
• Cross sectional study
• Chronic pain adversely
• The pain center manual
• Medical management
• Narcotic conversions
• Systemic effects
• Diagnostic pearls
• BMC Cancer
• Pain cancer
• Patient education
• Stepped wedge randomised controlled trial
• Quality of life
• Post operative pain
• Multimodal analgesia
• Pain management modalities
• Regional analgesia
• Patellofemoral pain
• Anterior knee pain
• Exercise therapy
• Knee pain
• Total hip arthroplasty
• Fast track
• Multimodal pain protocol
• Postoperative pain
• Neuropathic Pain
• Diagnosis and Assessment
• Based on Mechanisms
• Pharmacotherapy
• Chronic Pain Management
• Aromatase inhibitor
• Joint pain
• Adverse effects
• Breast cancer
• Pain diagnosis
• Chronic low back pain
• Clinical trial
• Non inferiority trial
• Low back pain
• Cohort studies
• Self efficacy
• Construct validity
• Factor analysis
• Patient management
• Acute pain management
• Regional anesthesia
• Functional regional anesthesia anatomy
• The spinal meninges
• Patient management considerations
• Awake endotracheal intubation
• moral behaviour
• Biopsychosocial model
• Psychosocial assessment
• Functional assessment
• Central pain syndrome
• Introducing central pain
• Clinical features
• Somatosensory findings
• Central pruritus
• Natural history
• Pain frequency
• Pain presence
• Psychological distress
• Physical functioning
• Symptomatic outcomes
• Psychological interventions
• Umbrella review
• Ameliorate pain
• Excess significance bias
• Clinical practice guidelines
• Neck pain populations
• Systematic review
• Potential factors
• Individual placement
• Rehabilitation medicine
• Work disability
• Multimodal therapy
• Preemptive analgesia
• Pain management and laparotomy surgery