tailieunhanh - Lecture Programming languages (2/e): Chapter 2c - Tucker, Noonan

The ideas discussed in this chapter provide a basis for describing the syntax of a complete programming language. However, so as not to be overwhelmed by the details, we have chosen to define a subset of C, a language that we call Clite. This language should be familiar to anyone who has written a program inC, C++. or Java. This chapter presents the following content: Lexical syntax, concrete syntax. | Programming Languages 2nd edition Tucker and Noonan Chapter 2 Syntax A language that is simple to parse for the compiler is also simple to parse for the human programmer. N. Wirth Contents Grammars Backus-Naur Form Derivations Parse Trees Associativity and Precedence Ambiguous Grammars Extended BNF Syntax of a Small Language: Clite Lexical Syntax Concrete Syntax Compilers and Interpreters Linking Syntax and Semantics Abstract Syntax Abstract Syntax Trees Abstract Syntax of Clite Syntax of a Small Language: Clite Motivation for using a subset of C: Grammar Language (pages) Reference Pascal 5 Jensen & Wirth C 6 Kernighan & Richie C++ 22 Stroustrup Java 14 Gosling, et. al. The Clite grammar fits on one page (next 3 slides), so it’s a far better tool for studying language design. Fig. Clite Grammar: Statements Program int main ( ) { Declarations Statements } Declarations { Declaration } Declaration Type Identifier [ [ Integer ] ] { , Identifier [ [ Integer ] ] } Type int | bool | float | char Statements { Statement } Statement ; | Block | Assignment | IfStatement | WhileStatement Block { Statements } Assignment Identifier [ [ Expression ] ] = Expression ; IfStatement if ( Expression ) Statement [ else Statement ] WhileStatement while ( Expression ) Statement Fig. Clite Grammar: Expressions Expression Conjunction { || Conjunction } Conjunction Equality { && Equality } Equality Relation [ EquOp Relation ] EquOp == | != Relation Addition [ RelOp Addition ] RelOp | >= Addition Term { AddOp Term } AddOp + | - Term Factor { MulOp Factor } MulOp * | / | % Factor [ UnaryOp ] Primary UnaryOp - | ! Primary Identifier [ [ Expression ] ] | Literal | ( Expression ) | Type ( Expression ) Fig. Clite grammar: lexical level Identifier Letter { Letter | Digit } Letter a | b | | z | A | B | | Z Digit 0 | 1 | | 9 Literal . | Programming Languages 2nd edition Tucker and Noonan Chapter 2 Syntax A language that is simple to parse for the compiler is also simple to parse for the human programmer. N. Wirth Contents Grammars Backus-Naur Form Derivations Parse Trees Associativity and Precedence Ambiguous Grammars Extended BNF Syntax of a Small Language: Clite Lexical Syntax Concrete Syntax Compilers and Interpreters Linking Syntax and Semantics Abstract Syntax Abstract Syntax Trees Abstract Syntax of Clite Syntax of a Small Language: Clite Motivation for using a subset of C: Grammar Language (pages) Reference Pascal 5 Jensen & Wirth C 6 Kernighan & Richie C++ 22 Stroustrup Java 14 Gosling, et. al. The Clite grammar fits on one page (next 3 slides), so it’s a far better tool for studying language design. Fig. Clite Grammar: Statements Program int main ( ) { Declarations Statements } Declarations { Declaration } Declaration

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