tailieunhanh - Ebook Manual of nephrology (8/E): Part 2

(BQ) Part 1 book “Manual of nephrology” has contents: The patient with glomerular disease or vasculitis, the patient with acute kidney injury, the patient with chronic kidney disease, the patient with a kidney transplant , the patient with hypertension, and other contents. | 9 The Patient with Glomerular Disease or Vasculitis Sarah E. Panzer and Joshua M. Thurman I. OVERVIEW.  The glomerular diseases are defined by their clinical presentations and the histologic findings associated with the diseases. Glomerular diseases can also be categorized as primary processes in which the disease is confined to the kidney or as secondary processes in which a systemic disease impacts the kidney. Many glomerular diseases are autoimmune in nature. Injury to the kidney may be caused by the deposition of immune complexes within the glomeruli or by autoantibodies directed against antigens present within the kidney. The small vessels of the kidney and the glomerular capillaries are also frequently the target of small vessel vasculitides. Clinically, the presence of a glomerular disease should be considered when proteinuria is present. Glomerulonephritis (GN) and vasculitis should be considered when hematuria and/or proteinuria is present. Therefore, the approach to the patient with possible glomerular disease should begin with an assessment of the protein excretion in the urine and a microscopic analysis of the urine for dysmorphic red blood cells and/or red blood cell casts. When hematuria and/or proteinuria has been identified and glomerular disease is determined to be the most likely etiology, further clinical information and serologic testing can assist in the classification of the renal disorder before invasive testing. Although it is often difficult to predict the histologic pattern of injury in a patient with glomerular disease, patients frequently fall into two general clinical presentations—the nephritic syndrome and the nephrotic syndrome. The recognition of these syndromes can guide further serologic testing. II. CLINICAL PATTERNS OF GLOMERULAR DISEASE A. The Nephritic Syndrome. Patients with the nephritic syndrome t­ypically present with hematuria, dysmorphic red blood cells and/or red blood cell casts, and proteinuria. The proteinuria

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• Manual of nephrology
• Glomerular disease
• A kidney transplant
• Chronic kidney disease
• Acute kidney injury
• Practical guidelines
• The patient with hyponatremia
• The patient with hypokalemia
• The patient with kidney stones
• Urinary tract infection
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• Systemic Medications
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