tailieunhanh - Lecture Biology - Chapter 27: The origin and diversification of the eukaryotes

In this chapter, we will address the following questions: How do microbial eukaryotes affect the world around them? How did the eukaryotic cell arise? How did the microbial eukaryotes diversify? How do microbial eukaryotes reproduce? What are the major groups of eukaryotes? | The Origin and Diversification of the Eukaryotes 27 The Origin and Diversification of the Eukaryotes How Do Microbial Eukaryotes Affect the World Around Them? How Did the Eukaryotic Cell Arise? How Did the Microbial Eukaryotes Diversify? How Do Microbial Eukaryotes Reproduce? What Are the Major Groups of Eukaryotes? How Do Microbial Eukaryotes Affect the World Around Them? Eukaryotes that are neither plants, animals, or fungi are called protists, or microbial eukaryotes (though not all are microbial). They do not constitute a clade, they are paraphyletic. Their true phylogeny is the subject of research and debate. Table Major Eukaryote Clades (Part 1) Table Major Eukaryote Clades (Part 2) Table Major Eukaryote Clades (Part 3) How Do Microbial Eukaryotes Affect the World Around Them? There is great diversity of microbial eukaryotes. Most are microscopic, but some are large (., giant kelp). Many are constituents of plankton—free floating, microscopic, aquatic organisms. Plankton that are photosynthetic are called phytoplankton. How Do Microbial Eukaryotes Affect the World Around Them? In marine food webs, phytoplankton are the primary producers. Diatoms (a clade) are dominant in the phytoplankton. They do one-fifth of the carbon fixation on Earth. The primary producers are consumed by heterotrophs. Figure Architecture in Miniature: A Photosynthetic Diatom How Do Microbial Eukaryotes Affect the World Around Them? Endosymbiosis, in which one organism lives inside another, is common in microbial eukaryotes. Dinoflagellates are common endosymbionts in animals and other microbial eukaryotes; some are photosynthetic. How Do Microbial Eukaryotes Affect the World Around Them? Many radiolarians have photosynthetic endosymbionts. Often, both organisms benefit from the relationship. Some dinoflagellates live as endosymbionts in corals. Figure Two Microbial Eukaryotes in an Endosymbiotic . | The Origin and Diversification of the Eukaryotes 27 The Origin and Diversification of the Eukaryotes How Do Microbial Eukaryotes Affect the World Around Them? How Did the Eukaryotic Cell Arise? How Did the Microbial Eukaryotes Diversify? How Do Microbial Eukaryotes Reproduce? What Are the Major Groups of Eukaryotes? How Do Microbial Eukaryotes Affect the World Around Them? Eukaryotes that are neither plants, animals, or fungi are called protists, or microbial eukaryotes (though not all are microbial). They do not constitute a clade, they are paraphyletic. Their true phylogeny is the subject of research and debate. Table Major Eukaryote Clades (Part 1) Table Major Eukaryote Clades (Part 2) Table Major Eukaryote Clades (Part 3) How Do Microbial Eukaryotes Affect the World Around Them? There is great diversity of microbial eukaryotes. Most are microscopic, but some are large (., giant kelp). Many are constituents of plankton—free .