tailieunhanh - Lecture Human development - Family, place, culture - Chapter 5: The early years of childhood

Chapter 5 provides knowledge of the early years of childhood. This chapter includes contents: What is 'childhood'? Cultures differ in dividing the lifespan into phases, big issues about childhood, childhood as a cultural construction, diversity in children's lives,.and other contents. | Chapter 5 The Early Years of Childhood Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs to accompany Claiborne & Drewery, Human Development 5- What is 'childhood'? A period of the lifespan based as much on social norms as biological time In Pacific cultures, status depends on the situation, not just age Also common in European cultures: a person may be a "child" to their parents, even when they are at midlife Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs to accompany Claiborne & Drewery, Human Development 5- Cultures differ in dividing the lifespan into phases NZ government: Tamariki (0-14 years) Rangatahi (15-24 years) Many cultures distinguish between Infants dependent on the caregiver (first 18 months or so) Early childhood (18 months to school age) Transition to school Countries differ greatly in ages at which children start school Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs to accompany Claiborne & Drewery, Human Development 5- Big issues about childhood Period of life often seen as special and protected in various cultures In earlier centuries in Europe children were not seen as special or vulnerable (Aries, 1962) Today many children globally suffer abuse, neglect and genocide (United Nations web pages) Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs to accompany Claiborne & Drewery, Human Development 5- Childhood as a cultural construction Some sociologists argue that cultures' views of childhood depend on: Wealth of a society & views of child labour Life expectancy Boys' and girls' access to schooling (James, Jenks & Prout, 1998) Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs to accompany Claiborne & Drewery, Human Development 5- Diversity in children's lives There is no "typical child" Affluent Euro-Western children differ greatly from children in much of the world Access to enough food and healthcare differs Low birthweight and early birth babies survive less often in poorer countries Children without . | Chapter 5 The Early Years of Childhood Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs to accompany Claiborne & Drewery, Human Development 5- What is 'childhood'? A period of the lifespan based as much on social norms as biological time In Pacific cultures, status depends on the situation, not just age Also common in European cultures: a person may be a "child" to their parents, even when they are at midlife Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs to accompany Claiborne & Drewery, Human Development 5- Cultures differ in dividing the lifespan into phases NZ government: Tamariki (0-14 years) Rangatahi (15-24 years) Many cultures distinguish between Infants dependent on the caregiver (first 18 months or so) Early childhood (18 months to school age) Transition to school Countries differ greatly in ages at which children start school Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs to accompany Claiborne & Drewery, Human Development 5- Big issues about .