tailieunhanh - Role of melatonin on calcium signaling and mitochondrial oxidative stress in epilepsy: Focus on TRP channels

Calcium ion (Ca2+) accumulation and excessive oxidative stress in the hippocampus and brain cortex have long been known as major contributors to the etiology of epilepsy. | Turkish Journal of Biology Review Article Turk J Biol (2015) 39: 813-821 © TÜBİTAK doi: Role of melatonin on calcium signaling and mitochondrial oxidative stress in epilepsy: focus on TRP channels Mustafa NAZIROĞLU* Neuroscience Research Center, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey Received: Accepted/Published Online: Printed: Abstract: Calcium ion (Ca2+) accumulation and excessive oxidative stress in the hippocampus and brain cortex have long been known as major contributors to the etiology of epilepsy. I have reviewed the role of Ca2+ signaling through cation channels and mitochondriamediated oxidative stress on epilepsy in human and animals. A review of the relevant papers and results from recent studies were obtained from PubMed and the Science Citation Index. Current literature findings indicate that melatonin and agomelatine reduce activation of hippocampal transient receptor potential (TRP), glutamate receptors, and voltage-gated calcium channels that are critical for the development of abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis and oxidative stress and associated mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, low doses of melatonin induce anticonvulsant action through increase of GABA levels in the hippocampus and brain cortex. The accumulating evidence implicates a modulator role of melatonin on excessive oxidative stress products, plus mitochondrial and Ca2+ dysregulations in epilepsy. The evidence indicates that modulation of oxidative stress and neuronal Ca2+ handling occurs through effects on TRP channels, suggesting an increasingly viable approach for therapeutic interventions against epilepsy. Key words: Calcium ion, epilepsy, oxidative stress, melatonin, transient receptor potential channels, mitochondria 1. Introduction The incidence of epilepsy is high in neurological disorders and approximately 50 million subjects suffer worldwide from the disease. A major event in