tailieunhanh - Lecture Computer organization and architecture - Chapter 4: Internal memory
This chapter presents the following content: RAM organization disks and I/O, virtual memory computer organisation, bus interconnection, suggested reading: stallings chapter 5, 6. | Chapter 05 Computer Organization and Architecture INTERNAL MEMORY 1 KEY POINTS The two basic forms of semiconductor random access memory are dynamic RAM (DRAM) and static RAM (SRAM). SRAM is faster, more expensive, and less dense than DRAM, and is used for cache memory. DRAM is used for main memory. Error correction techniques are commonly used in memory involve adding redundant bits that are a function of the data bits to form an error-correcting code. If a bit error occurs, the code will detect and, usually, correct the error. To compensate for the relatively slow speed of DRAM, a number of advanced DRAM organizations have been introduced. The two most common are synchronous DRAM and RamBus DRAM. Both of these involve using the system clock to provide for the transfer of blocks of data. Computer Organization and Architecture . Semiconductor Main Memory . Organization The basic element of a semiconductor memory is the memory cell. Although a variety of . | Chapter 05 Computer Organization and Architecture INTERNAL MEMORY 1 KEY POINTS The two basic forms of semiconductor random access memory are dynamic RAM (DRAM) and static RAM (SRAM). SRAM is faster, more expensive, and less dense than DRAM, and is used for cache memory. DRAM is used for main memory. Error correction techniques are commonly used in memory involve adding redundant bits that are a function of the data bits to form an error-correcting code. If a bit error occurs, the code will detect and, usually, correct the error. To compensate for the relatively slow speed of DRAM, a number of advanced DRAM organizations have been introduced. The two most common are synchronous DRAM and RamBus DRAM. Both of these involve using the system clock to provide for the transfer of blocks of data. Computer Organization and Architecture . Semiconductor Main Memory . Organization The basic element of a semiconductor memory is the memory cell. Although a variety of electronic technologies are used, all semiconductor memory cells share certain properties: They exhibit two stable (or semistable) states, which can be used to represent binary 1 and 0. They are capable of being written into (at least once), to set the state. They are capable of being read to sense the state. . Organization Most commonly, the cell has three functional terminals capable of carrying an electrical signal. Figure Figure . Memory Cell Operation . Organization The select terminal, as the name suggests, selects a memory cell for a read or write operation. The control terminal indicates read or write. For writing, the other terminal provides an electrical signal that sets the state of the cell to 1 or 0. For reading, that terminal is used for output of the cell’s state. . DRAM and SRAM Lists the major types of semiconductor memory. . DRAM and SRAM A dynamic RAM (DRAM) is made with cells that store data as charge on capacitors. The presence or absence of .
đang nạp các trang xem trước
