tailieunhanh - Lecture Software engineering (9/e): Chapter 18 - Sommerville

Chapter 18 – Distributed software engineering. The objective of this chapter is to introduce distributed systems engineering and distributed systems architectures. When you have read this chapter, you will: know the key issues that have to be considered when designing and implementing distributed software systems; understand the client–server computing model and the layered architecture of client–server systems. | Chapter 18 – Distributed software engineering Lecture 1 1 Chapter 18 Distributed software engineering Topics covered Distributed systems issues Client–server computing Architectural patterns for distributed systems Software as a service 2 Chapter 18 Distributed software engineering Distributed systems Virtually all large computer-based systems are now distributed systems. “ a collection of independent computers that appears to the user as a single coherent system.” Information processing is distributed over several computers rather than confined to a single machine. Distributed software engineering is therefore very important for enterprise computing systems. Distributed system characteristics Resource sharing Sharing of hardware and software resources. Openness Use of equipment and software from different vendors. Concurrency Concurrent processing to enhance performance. Scalability Increased throughput by adding new resources. Fault tolerance The ability to continue in operation . | Chapter 18 – Distributed software engineering Lecture 1 1 Chapter 18 Distributed software engineering Topics covered Distributed systems issues Client–server computing Architectural patterns for distributed systems Software as a service 2 Chapter 18 Distributed software engineering Distributed systems Virtually all large computer-based systems are now distributed systems. “ a collection of independent computers that appears to the user as a single coherent system.” Information processing is distributed over several computers rather than confined to a single machine. Distributed software engineering is therefore very important for enterprise computing systems. Distributed system characteristics Resource sharing Sharing of hardware and software resources. Openness Use of equipment and software from different vendors. Concurrency Concurrent processing to enhance performance. Scalability Increased throughput by adding new resources. Fault tolerance The ability to continue in operation after a fault has occurred. Distributed systems issues Distributed systems are more complex than systems that run on a single processor. Complexity arises because different parts of the system are independently managed as is the network. There is no single authority in charge of the system so top-down control is impossible. Chapter 18 Distributed software engineering 5 Design issues Transparency To what extent should the distributed system appear to the user as a single system? Openness Should a system be designed using standard protocols that support interoperability? Scalability How can the system be constructed so that it is scaleable? Security How can usable security policies be defined and implemented? Quality of service How should the quality of service be specified. Failure management How can system failures be detected, contained and repaired? Chapter 18 Distributed software engineering 6 Transparency Ideally, users should not be aware that a system is distributed and services .

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