tailieunhanh - Lecture Biology (7th edition) - Chapter 29: Plant diversity I - How plants colonized land

After studying this chapter you will be able to: Describe four shared characteristics and four distinct characteristics between charophytes and land plants, diagram and label the life cycle of a bryophyte, explain why most bryophytes grow close to the ground and are restricted to periodically moist environments,. | Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I How Plants Colonized Land Overview: The Greening of Earth Looking at a lush landscape It is difficult to imagine the land without any plants or other organisms Figure For more than the first 3 billion years of Earth’s history The terrestrial surface was lifeless Since colonizing land Plants have diversified into roughly 290,000 living species Concept : Land plants evolved from green algae Researchers have identified green algae called charophyceans as the closest relatives of land plants Morphological and Biochemical Evidence Many characteristics of land plants Also appear in a variety of algal clades There are four key traits that land plants share only with charophyceans Rose-shaped complexes for cellulose synthesis 30 nm Figure Peroxisome enzymes Structure of flagellated sperm Formation of a phragmoplast Genetic Evidence Comparisons of both nuclear and chloroplast genes Point to charophyceans as the closest living relatives of land plants Chara, a pond organism (a) 10 mm Coleochaete orbicularis, a disk- shaped charophycean (LM) (b) 40 µm Figure , b Adaptations Enabling the Move to Land In charophyceans A layer of a durable polymer called sporopollenin prevents exposed zygotes from drying out The accumulation of traits that facilitated survival on land May have opened the way to its colonization by plants Concept : Land plants possess a set of derived terrestrial adaptations Many adaptations Emerged after land plants diverged from their charophycean relatives Defining the Plant Kingdom Systematists Are currently debating the boundaries of the plant kingdom Plantae Streptophyta Viridiplantae Red algae Chlorophytes Charophyceans Embryophytes Ancestral alga Figure Some biologists think that the plant kingdom Should be expanded to include some or all green algae Until this debate is resolved This textbook retains the embryophyte definition of kingdom Plantae Derived Traits of Plants Five key traits appear in . | Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I How Plants Colonized Land Overview: The Greening of Earth Looking at a lush landscape It is difficult to imagine the land without any plants or other organisms Figure For more than the first 3 billion years of Earth’s history The terrestrial surface was lifeless Since colonizing land Plants have diversified into roughly 290,000 living species Concept : Land plants evolved from green algae Researchers have identified green algae called charophyceans as the closest relatives of land plants Morphological and Biochemical Evidence Many characteristics of land plants Also appear in a variety of algal clades There are four key traits that land plants share only with charophyceans Rose-shaped complexes for cellulose synthesis 30 nm Figure Peroxisome enzymes Structure of flagellated sperm Formation of a phragmoplast Genetic Evidence Comparisons of both nuclear and chloroplast genes Point to charophyceans as the closest living relatives of land plants

• Sinh học
• Campbells Biology
• Lecture Biology
• Biological sciences
• Biological organization
• Systems biology
• Plant diversity
• Restoration ecology
• Conservation biology
• Ecosystem dynamics
• The chemical context of life
• Water molecules
• The molecular diversity of life
• Function of macromolecules
• Membrane structure
• Metabolism transforms matter
• Cellular respiration
• Chemical energy of food
• Cell communication
• The cell cycle
• Sexual life cycles
• The gene idea
• Locating genes
• The molecular basis of inheritance
• Genetic information
• Microbial model systems
• Eukaryotic genomes
• DNA technology
• The genetic basis of development
• Darwin’s theory
• The evolution of populations
• The origin of species