tailieunhanh - Lecture Biology (7th edition) - Chapter 16: The chromosomal basis of inheritance

The chapter describe the contributions of the following people: Griffith; Avery, McCary, and MacLeod; Hershey and Chase; Chargaff; Watson and Crick; Franklin; Meselson and Stahl; describe the structure of DNA; describe the process of DNA replication; include the following terms: antiparallel structure, DNA polymerase, leading strand, lagging strand, Okazaki fragments, DNA ligase, primer, primase, helicase, topoisomerase, single-strand binding proteins. | Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Overview: Life’s Operating Instructions In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick shook the world With an elegant double-helical model for the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA Figure DNA, the substance of inheritance Is the most celebrated molecule of our time Hereditary information Is encoded in the chemical language of DNA and reproduced in all the cells of your body It is the DNA program That directs the development of many different types of traits Concept : DNA is the genetic material Early in the 20th century The identification of the molecules of inheritance loomed as a major challenge to biologists The Search for the Genetic Material: Scientific Inquiry The role of DNA in heredity Was first worked out by studying bacteria and the viruses that infect them Evidence That DNA Can Transform Bacteria Frederick Griffith was studying Streptococcus pneumoniae A bacterium that causes pneumonia in mammals He worked with two strains of the bacterium A pathogenic strain and a nonpathogenic strain Griffith found that when he mixed heat-killed remains of the pathogenic strain With living cells of the nonpathogenic strain, some of these living cells became pathogenic Bacteria of the “S” (smooth) strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae are pathogenic because they have a capsule that protects them from an animal’s defense system. Bacteria of the “R” (rough) strain lack a capsule and are nonpathogenic. Frederick Griffith injected mice with the two strains as shown below: Griffith concluded that the living R bacteria had been transformed into pathogenic S bacteria by an unknown, heritable substance from the dead S cells. EXPERIMENT RESULTS CONCLUSION Living S (control) cells Living R (control) cells Heat-killed (control) S cells Mixture of heat-killed S cells and living R cells Mouse dies Mouse healthy Mouse healthy Mouse dies Living S cells are found in blood sample. Figure Griffith called the phenomenon . | Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Overview: Life’s Operating Instructions In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick shook the world With an elegant double-helical model for the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA Figure DNA, the substance of inheritance Is the most celebrated molecule of our time Hereditary information Is encoded in the chemical language of DNA and reproduced in all the cells of your body It is the DNA program That directs the development of many different types of traits Concept : DNA is the genetic material Early in the 20th century The identification of the molecules of inheritance loomed as a major challenge to biologists The Search for the Genetic Material: Scientific Inquiry The role of DNA in heredity Was first worked out by studying bacteria and the viruses that infect them Evidence That DNA Can Transform Bacteria Frederick Griffith was studying Streptococcus pneumoniae A bacterium that causes pneumonia in mammals He worked with two .

• Sinh học
• Campbells Biology
• Lecture Biology
• Biological sciences
• Biological organization
• Systems biology
• The molecular basis of inheritance
• Restoration ecology
• Conservation biology
• Ecosystem dynamics
• The chemical context of life
• Water molecules
• The molecular diversity of life
• Function of macromolecules
• Membrane structure
• Metabolism transforms matter
• Cellular respiration
• Chemical energy of food
• Cell communication
• The cell cycle
• Sexual life cycles
• The gene idea
• Locating genes
• Genetic information
• Microbial model systems
• Eukaryotic genomes
• DNA technology
• The genetic basis of development
• Darwin’s theory
• The evolution of populations
• The origin of species