tailieunhanh - Lecture Life-span development (13th edition): Chapter 18 - Santrock

Chapter 18 - Cognitive development in late adulthood. Just how well older adults can and do function cognitively is an important question we will explore in this chapter. We also will examine the important topics of language development, work and retirement, mental health, and religion. | Chapter 18: Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Multidimensionality and Multidirectionality Cognitive mechanics and Cognitive Pragmatics: the “hardware” of the mind and the neurophysiological architecture of the brain Tends to decline with age Cognitive pragmatics: culture-based “software” programs of the mind Reading, writing, and educational qualifications Professional skills and language comprehension Knowledge of self and life skills May improve with age ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Multidimensionality and Multidirectionality Speed of Processing: Often due to a decline in brain and CNS functioning Attention: Selective attention Older adults are generally less adept at this Divided Attention Sustained Attention ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Multidimensionality | Chapter 18: Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Multidimensionality and Multidirectionality Cognitive mechanics and Cognitive Pragmatics: the “hardware” of the mind and the neurophysiological architecture of the brain Tends to decline with age Cognitive pragmatics: culture-based “software” programs of the mind Reading, writing, and educational qualifications Professional skills and language comprehension Knowledge of self and life skills May improve with age ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Multidimensionality and Multidirectionality Speed of Processing: Often due to a decline in brain and CNS functioning Attention: Selective attention Older adults are generally less adept at this Divided Attention Sustained Attention ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Multidimensionality and Multidirectionality Memory: Memory changes during aging, but not all memory changes in the same way Episodic memory: younger adults have better episodic memory Semantic memory: does not decline as drastically as episodic memory Exception: tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Multidimensionality and Multidirectionality Memory (continued): Working memory and perceptual speed: decline during the late adulthood years Explicit memory: memory of facts and experiences that individuals consciously know and can state Implicit memory: memory without conscious recollection; skills and routines that are automatically performed Implicit memory shows less aging declines than explicit memory Source memory: the ability to remember where one learned something Decreases with age during late adulthood ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Multidimensionality and Multidirectionality Memory (continued): Prospective memory: remembering