tailieunhanh - Lecture Life-span development (13th edition): Chapter 17 - Santrock

Chapter 17 - Physical development in late adulthood. The story of Sadie Halperin’s physical development and well-being raises some truly fascinating questions about life-span development, which we will explore in this chapter. They include: Why do we age, and what, if anything, can we do to slow down the process? How long can we live? What chance do we have of living to be 100? How does the body change in old age? | Chapter 17: Physical Development in Late Adulthood ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Life Expectancy and Life Span Life Span: the maximum number of years an individual can live; has remained between 120–125 years Life Expectancy: the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live Has increased an average of 30 years since 1900 Average life expectancy today is years ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Life Expectancy and Life Span Differences in Life Expectancy Japan has highest life expectancy (82 years) Differences in life expectancy across countries are due to factors such as health conditions and medical care Ethnic Differences Life expectancy for African Americans is 7 years lower than that of non-Latino Whites Female life expectancy years, males years ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Life Expectancy and Life Span Centenarians Increasing by approximately | Chapter 17: Physical Development in Late Adulthood ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Life Expectancy and Life Span Life Span: the maximum number of years an individual can live; has remained between 120–125 years Life Expectancy: the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live Has increased an average of 30 years since 1900 Average life expectancy today is years ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Life Expectancy and Life Span Differences in Life Expectancy Japan has highest life expectancy (82 years) Differences in life expectancy across countries are due to factors such as health conditions and medical care Ethnic Differences Life expectancy for African Americans is 7 years lower than that of non-Latino Whites Female life expectancy years, males years ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Life Expectancy and Life Span Centenarians Increasing by approximately 7% each year Explanations: Diet Low-stress lifestyle Caring community Activity Spirituality ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved The Young-Old, the Old-Old, and the Oldest-Old Some developmentalists divide late adulthood: Young-old are aged 65 to 74 Old-old are aged 75 or more Oldest-old are aged 85 or more Important to consider functional age, the person’s actual ability to function, rather than age ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved Biological Theories of Aging Evolutionary Theory Cellular Clock Theory Free-Radical Theory Mitochondrial Theory Hormonal Stress Theory ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved The Aging Brain The Shrinking, Slowing Brain On average, the brain loses 5% to 10% of its weight between the ages of 20 and 90 years; brain volume also decreases May result from a decrease in dendrites, damage to myelin sheath, or the death of brain cells A general slowing of function in the brain and spinal cord