tailieunhanh - Lecture Life-span development (13th edition): Chapter 8 - Santrock

Chapter 8 - Socioemotional development in early childhood. In early childhood, children’s emotional lives and personalities develop in signifi cant ways, and their small worlds widen. In addition to the continuing infl uence of family relationships, peers take on a more signifi cant role in children’s development, and play fi lls the days of many young children’s lives. | Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Self Initiative Versus Guilt (Erikson) Self-Understanding and Understanding Others The representation of self; the substance and content of self-conceptions Children’s self-descriptions involve body attributes, material possessions, and physical activities Others have emotions and desires, don’t always give accurate reports of their beliefs, and understand joint commitments ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Emotional Development Expressing, understanding, and regulating emotions Emotion-coaching and emotion-dismissing parents and the regulation of emotion and peer relations Emotion-coaching: parents monitor their child’s emotions, view them as opportunities for teaching, and coach them in how to deal with emotions effectively Emotion-dismissing: parents view their role as to deny, ignore, or change negative emotions ©2011 The . | Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Self Initiative Versus Guilt (Erikson) Self-Understanding and Understanding Others The representation of self; the substance and content of self-conceptions Children’s self-descriptions involve body attributes, material possessions, and physical activities Others have emotions and desires, don’t always give accurate reports of their beliefs, and understand joint commitments ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Emotional Development Expressing, understanding, and regulating emotions Emotion-coaching and emotion-dismissing parents and the regulation of emotion and peer relations Emotion-coaching: parents monitor their child’s emotions, view them as opportunities for teaching, and coach them in how to deal with emotions effectively Emotion-dismissing: parents view their role as to deny, ignore, or change negative emotions ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Moral Development: the development of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people Moral Feelings: Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes feelings of anxiety and guilt Children identify with parents to reduce anxiety and avoid punishment Superego: moral element of personality ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Moral Development Moral Reasoning (Piaget) Heteronomous morality (4-7 years) Justice and rules are unchangeable Transitional phase (7-10 years) Autonomous morality (10+ years) Rules and laws are created by people ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Moral Development Moral Behavior: The processes of reinforcement, punishment, and imitation explain the development of moral behavior Ability to resist temptation and delay gratification is closely tied to the development of self-control Conscience