tailieunhanh - Lecture Life-span development (13th edition): Chapter 1 - Santrock

Chapter 1 - Introduction. In this fi rst chapter, we will explore what it means to take a life-span perspective on development, examine the nature of development, and outline how science helps us to understand it. | Chapter 1: Introduction ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. . Development: the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span Traditional Approach: emphasizes extensive change from birth to adolescence, little to no change in adulthood, and decline in old age Life-Span Approach: emphasizes developmental change throughout childhood and adulthood ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Life Span: based on oldest age documented Currently 122 years Life Expectancy: average number of years that a person can expect to live Currently 78 years Life-Span Perspective views development as: Lifelong – no age period is dominant Multidimensional – biological, cognitive, and socioemotional dimensions Plastic – capable of change ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Life-Span Perspective views development . | Chapter 1: Introduction ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. . Development: the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span Traditional Approach: emphasizes extensive change from birth to adolescence, little to no change in adulthood, and decline in old age Life-Span Approach: emphasizes developmental change throughout childhood and adulthood ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Life Span: based on oldest age documented Currently 122 years Life Expectancy: average number of years that a person can expect to live Currently 78 years Life-Span Perspective views development as: Lifelong – no age period is dominant Multidimensional – biological, cognitive, and socioemotional dimensions Plastic – capable of change ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Life-Span Perspective views development as: Multidisciplinary – shared by psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, neuroscientists, and medical researchers Contextual – occurs within a setting Three types of contextual influences: Normative age-graded influences: similar for individuals in a particular age group Normative history-graded influences: common to people of a particular generation because of historical circumstances Non-normative life events: unusual occurrences that have a major impact on the individual’s life ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Development involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss Development is a co-construction of biology, culture, and the individual ©2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Biological: changes in an individual’s physical nature Cognitive: changes in thought, intelligence, and language Socioemotional: changes in relationships with other people, changes in emotions, and changes in personality ©2011 The .