tailieunhanh - Ebook Economic development (12th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Economic development" has contents: Human Capital: Education and health in economic development; agricultural transformation and rural development; the environment and development; development policymaking and the roles of market, state, and civil society; international trade theory and development strategy,.and other contents. | Find more at 8 Human Capital: Education and Health in Economic Development To end poverty and boost shared prosperity, countries need robust, inclusive economic growth. And to drive growth, they need to build human capital through investments in health, education and social protection for all their citizens. —Jim Yong Kim, World Bank President, 2013 My work on human capital began with an effort to calculate both private and social rates of return to men, women, blacks, and other groups from investments in different levels of education. —Gary Becker, Nobel laureate in economics The slow improvement in the health status of our people has been a matter of great concern. There is no denying the fact that we have not paid adequate attention to this dimension of development thus far. —Manmohan Singh, prime minister of India, 2005   The Central Roles of Education and Health Education and health are basic objectives of development; they are important ends in themselves. Health is central to well-being, and education is essential for a satisfying and rewarding life; both are fundamental to the broader notion of expanded human capabilities that lie at the heart of the meaning of development (see Chapter 1). At the same time, education plays a key role in the ability of a developing country to absorb modern technology and to develop the capacity for self-sustaining growth and development. Moreover, health is a prerequisite for increases in productivity, and successful education relies on adequate health as well. Thus, both health and education can also be seen as vital components of growth and development—as inputs to the aggregate production function. Their dual role as both inputs and outputs gives health and education their central importance in economic development. It is hard to overstate how truly dramatic the improvements in world health and education have been. In 1950, some 280 of every 1,000 children in the developing world as a