tailieunhanh - Ebook Macroeconomics (9E): Part 2 - N. Gregory Mankiw

(BQ) Part 2 book "Macroeconomics" has contents: Introduction to economic fluctuations; a dynamic model of economic fluctuations; understanding consumer behavior; the theory of investment; alternative perspectives on stabilization policy; government debt and budget deficits; the financial system - opportunities and dangers. | Find more at CHAPTER 10 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations The modern world regards business cycles much as the ancient Egyptians regarded the overflowing of the Nile. The phenomenon recurs at intervals, it is of great importance to everyone, and natural causes of it are not in sight. —John Bates Clark, 1898 E conomic fluctuations present a recurring problem for economists and policymakers. On average, the real GDP of the United States grows about 3 percent per year. But this long-run average hides the fact that the economy’s output of goods and services does not grow smoothly. Growth is higher in some years than in others; sometimes the economy loses ground, and growth turns negative. These fluctuations in the economy’s output are closely associated with fluctuations in employment. When the economy experiences a period of falling output and rising unemployment, the economy is said to be in recession. A recent recession began in late 2007. From the third quarter of 2007 to the third quarter of 2008, the economy’s production of goods and services was approximately flat, in contrast to its normal growth. Real GDP then plunged sharply in the fourth quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009. The unemployment rate rose from percent in November 2007 to percent in October 2009. The recession officially ended in June 2009 when positive growth resumed, but the recovery was weak, and unemployment remained above percent for the next four years. Not surprisingly, the recession dominated the economic news, and addressing the problem was high on the policy agenda during President Barack Obama’s early years in office. Economists call these short-run fluctuations in output and employment the business cycle. Although this term suggests that economic fluctuations are regular and predictable, they are not. Recessions are actually as irregular as they are common. Sometimes they occur close together, while at other times they are .

• Kế toán - Kiểm toán
• Economic fluctuations
• Economic fluctuations
• Understanding consumer behavior
• The theory of investment
• Budget deficits
• The financial system
• Short run Economic fluctuations
• Aggregate demand
• Aggregate supply
• Biến động kinh tế
• Tổng cung và Tổng cầu
• Kinh tế vĩ mô
• Fluctuations of inputs price
• Economic efficiency
• Tea production
• Farmer housedolds
• Thai Nguyen province
• Principles of economics
• Lecture Principles of economics
• Market imperfections
• The international economy
• Short term economic fluctuations
• Symptoms of business cycles
• Lecture Macroeconomics in context
• Bài giảng Kinh tế vĩ mô
• The Business Cycle
• Macroeconomic Modeling and Aggregate Demand
• The Keynesian Model
• Inflation Dynamics
• Model of Unemployment
• Monetary Policy Design
• Concluding Remarks
• Microeconomics and public policy
• Public policy
• Factor markets
• Long run economic growth
• Stabilization policy
• The open economy
• Understanding economics
• Lecture Understanding economics
• Economic problem
• Economic systems
• Macroeconomic activity
• Lecture Macroeconomics
• Macroeconomic environment
• Financial system
• Economic growth
• Business cycle
• Financial markets
• Interest rates
• Monetary policy
• Policies for economic stability
• Monetary institutions
• Approach to Endometriosis
• Endometriosis
• Long Term Care
• Geriatric Urinary
• Incontinence – Special
• Frail Elderly
• The science of macroeconomics
• The open economy revisited
• Investment analysis
• The real economy
• The long run
• The macroeconomics
• International macroeconomics
• Aggregate demand I
• Aggregate demand II
• Goverment debt
• The united states
• Resource utilization
• The mixed economy
• The government sector
• Gross domestic product
• Final thoughts
• International finance
• The macroeconomics of open economies
• Labor markets
• The monetary system
• National income
• Introduction to economic fluctuations
• Growth theory