tailieunhanh - Ebook ABC of kidney disease: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book “ABC of kidney disease “ has contents: Chronic kidney disease, dialysis and transplantation in children, dialysis, conservative (‘non dialytic’) treatment for patients with chronic kidney disease, renal transplantation, the organization of services for people with chronic kidney disease – a 21St century challenge. | CHAPTER 8 Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis and Transplantation in Children Judy Taylor, Christopher Reid OVERVIEW Glomerulonephritis Congenital and structural renal disease • Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomeruli and may be temporary and reversible, or it may progress of chronic renal failure. It is usually manifest by raised blood pressure, microscopic haematuria, proteinuria and renal impairment. • Antenatal ultrasound scanning during pregnancy detects a range of structural renal abnormalities which require assessment and follow up during infancy. • Urinary tract infection is commoner in infants in children with certain structural abnormalities of the urinary tract. • Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is the commonest cause, with an excellent prognosis for recovery. • Congenital renal dysplasia is the commonest cause of renal failure in childhood. • Henoch–Schönlein Purpura is frequently associated with renal involvement, though this is usually clinically mild and self-limiting. A minority may develop severe glomerulonephritis. • Genetically inherited renal diseases are most likely to present in childhood. These include autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, Alport’s syndrome, and several rare tubular and metabolic disorders. • Haemolytic uraemic syndrome is the commonest cause of acute renal failure in childhood. Full recovery is usual when associated with E. coli 0157 enterocolitis and diarrhoea. Childhood nephrotic syndrome • In nephrotic syndrome, the glomeruli allow small proteins such as albumin to leak out into the urine. • Childhood nephrotic syndrome commonly occurs between the ages of 1 and 5 years, in boys more often than in girls. • The majority of children (80–85%) are responsive to steroid treatment, though many of these will have a relapsing course. Other immunosuppressive therapy may be indicated in children who relapse frequently, to minimize the side-effects of steroids. • Most children ‘outgrow’ .

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• ABC of kidney disease
• Kidney disease
• Chronic kidney disease
• Chronic kidney disease
• Renal transplantation
• The organization
• Cardiovascular complications
• Adult nephrotic syndrome
• Renal artery stenosis