tailieunhanh - Lecture Management practices: Lecture 04 - Dr. M. Shakil Ahmad

The following will be discussed in this chapter: Behavioral management the Hawthorne studies, theory X and Y, theory X v. theory Y, theory Z, systems considerations, contingency theory. | Management Practices Lecture 4 1 Recap The Evolution of Management Theory Scientific Management theory The 4 Principles Problems of Scientific Management The Gilbreths Bureaucratic Principles Fayol’s Principles 2 Today’s Lecture Behavioral Management The Hawthorne Studies Theory X and Y Theory X v. Theory Y Theory Z Systems Considerations Contingency Theory 3 Behavioral Management Focuses on the way a manager should personally manage to motivate employees. Mary Parker Follett: an influential leader in early managerial theory. Suggested workers help in analyzing their jobs for improvements. The worker knows the best way to improve the job. If workers have the knowledge of the task, then they should control the task. 4 The Hawthorne Studies Study of worker efficiency at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Co. during 1924-1932. Worker productivity was measured at various levels of light illumination. Researchers found that regardless of whether the light levels were raised or . | Management Practices Lecture 4 1 Recap The Evolution of Management Theory Scientific Management theory The 4 Principles Problems of Scientific Management The Gilbreths Bureaucratic Principles Fayol’s Principles 2 Today’s Lecture Behavioral Management The Hawthorne Studies Theory X and Y Theory X v. Theory Y Theory Z Systems Considerations Contingency Theory 3 Behavioral Management Focuses on the way a manager should personally manage to motivate employees. Mary Parker Follett: an influential leader in early managerial theory. Suggested workers help in analyzing their jobs for improvements. The worker knows the best way to improve the job. If workers have the knowledge of the task, then they should control the task. 4 The Hawthorne Studies Study of worker efficiency at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Co. during 1924-1932. Worker productivity was measured at various levels of light illumination. Researchers found that regardless of whether the light levels were raised or lowered, productivity rose. Actually, it appears that the workers enjoyed the attention they received as part of the study and were more productive. 5 Theory X and Y Douglas McGregor proposed the two different sets of worker assumptions. Theory X: Assumes the average worker is lazy, dislikes work and will do as little as possible. Managers must closely supervise and control through reward and punishment. Theory Y: Assumes workers are not lazy, want to do a good job and the job itself will determine if the worker likes the work. Managers should allow the worker great latitude, and create an organization to stimulate the worker. 6 Theory X v. Theory Y Theory Y Employee is not lazy Must create work setting to build initiative Provide authority to workers Theory X Employee is lazy Managers must closely supervise Create strict rules & defined rewards 7 Theory Z William Ouchi researched the cultural differences between Japan and USA. USA culture emphasizes the individual, and managers tend to .