tailieunhanh - Lecture AP Biology - Chapter 54: Community ecology

This chapter distinguish between the following sets of terms: competition, predation, herbivory, symbiosis; fundamental and realized niche; cryptic and aposematic coloration; batesian mimicry and Müllerian mimicry; parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism; endoparasites and ectoparasites; species richness and relative abundance; food chain and food web; primary and secondary succession. | Ch. 54 Warm-Up If a population has a birth rate of and a death rate of , calculate the number of individuals added/subtracted from a population of 1,000 individuals in one year. Using +/-/0, indicate the relationships in: Predation Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism What is an invasive species? Define Ch. 54 Terms: Fundamental niche Realized niche Symbiosis Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism Keystone species Invasive species Ecological succession Primary succession Secondary succession Chapter 54: Community Ecology You Must Know: The difference between a fundamental niche and a realized niche. The role of competitive exclusion in interspecific competition. The symbiotic relationships of parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism. The impact of keystone species on community structure. The difference between primary and secondary succession. Community = group of populations of different species living close enough to interact Interspecific interactions Can be positive (+), negative (-) or neutral (0) Includes: Competition (-/-) Predation (+/-) Herbivory (+/-) Symbiosis – parasitism, mutualism, commensalism Facilitation (+/+ or 0/+) Interspecific competition: resources are in short supply Species interaction is -/- Competitive exclusion principle: Two species cannot coexist in a community if their niches are identical. The one with the slight reproductive advantage will eliminate the other Resource partitioning: differences in niches that enable similar species to coexist Ecological niche: the sum total of an organism’s use of abiotic/biotic resources in the environment Fundamental niche = niche potentially occupied by the species Realized niche = portion of fundamental niche the species actually occupies Chthamalus fundamental niche High tide Low tide Ocean Chthamalus realized niche High tide Low tide Ocean Balanus realized niche Chthamalus Balanus Predation (+/-) Defensive adaptations include: Cryptic coloration – camouflaged by coloring Aposematic or warning . | Ch. 54 Warm-Up If a population has a birth rate of and a death rate of , calculate the number of individuals added/subtracted from a population of 1,000 individuals in one year. Using +/-/0, indicate the relationships in: Predation Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism What is an invasive species? Define Ch. 54 Terms: Fundamental niche Realized niche Symbiosis Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism Keystone species Invasive species Ecological succession Primary succession Secondary succession Chapter 54: Community Ecology You Must Know: The difference between a fundamental niche and a realized niche. The role of competitive exclusion in interspecific competition. The symbiotic relationships of parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism. The impact of keystone species on community structure. The difference between primary and secondary succession. Community = group of populations of different species living close enough to interact Interspecific interactions Can be positive (+), negative