tailieunhanh - Lecture Operating system principles - Chapter 8: Virtual memory

After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Define virtual memory; describe the hardware and control structures that support virtual memory; describe the various OS mechanisms used to implement virtual memory; describe the virtual memory management mechanisms in UNIX, Linux, and Windows 7. | Chapter 8 Virtual Memory Real memory Main memory, the actual RAM, where a process executes Virtual memory is a storage allocation scheme in which secondary memory can be addressed as though it were part of main memory Size is limited by the amount of secondary memory available Virtual address is the address assigned to a location in virtual memory Keys to Virtual Memory 1) Memory references are logical addresses that are dynamically translated into physical addresses at run time A process may be swapped in and out of main memory, occupying different regions at different times during execution 2) A process may be broken up into pieces (pages or segments) that do not need to be located contiguously in main memory Breakthrough in Memory Management If both of those two characteristics are present, then it is not necessary that all of the pages or all of the segments of a process be in main memory during execution. If the next instruction and the next data location are in memory . | Chapter 8 Virtual Memory Real memory Main memory, the actual RAM, where a process executes Virtual memory is a storage allocation scheme in which secondary memory can be addressed as though it were part of main memory Size is limited by the amount of secondary memory available Virtual address is the address assigned to a location in virtual memory Keys to Virtual Memory 1) Memory references are logical addresses that are dynamically translated into physical addresses at run time A process may be swapped in and out of main memory, occupying different regions at different times during execution 2) A process may be broken up into pieces (pages or segments) that do not need to be located contiguously in main memory Breakthrough in Memory Management If both of those two characteristics are present, then it is not necessary that all of the pages or all of the segments of a process be in main memory during execution. If the next instruction and the next data location are in memory then execution can proceed Execution of a Process OS brings into main memory a few pieces of the program Resident set: portion of process that is in main memory Execution proceeds smoothly as long as all memory references are to locations that are in the resident set An interrupt (memory access fault) is generated when an address is needed that is not in main memory Execution of a Process OS places the process in a blocking state Piece of process that contains the logical address is brought into main memory OS issues a disk I/O Read request Another process is dispatched to run while the disk I/O takes place An interrupt is issued when disk I/O complete which causes OS to place the affected process in the Ready state Implications of this new strategy More efficient processor utilization More processes may be maintained in main memory because only load in some of the pieces of each process More likely a process will be in the Ready state at any particular time A process may .