tailieunhanh - Lecture AP Biology - Chapter 22B: Evidence for evolution

Lecture AP Biology - Chapter 22B: Evidence for evolution. After studying this chapter you will be able to understand: Several examples of evidence for evolution; the difference between structures that are homologous and those that are analogous, and how this relates to evolution. | Ch. 22 Warm-Up Compare and contrast natural selection vs. artificial selection. What are the key ideas of natural selection? Define and give an example for the following: Homologous structure Vestigial structure Analogous structure Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life Part B: Evidence for Evolution What you must know: Several examples of evidence for evolution. The difference between structures that are homologous and those that are analogous, and how this relates to evolution. Recap main ideas of natural selection: Evolution is change in species over time. There is overproduction of offspring, which leads to competition for resources. Heritable variations exist within a population. These variations can result in differential reproductive success. Over generations, this can result in changes in the genetic composition of the population. Remember: Individuals do NOT evolve! Populations evolve. Evidence for Evolution: Direct Observations Fossil Record Homology Biogeography Evidence for Evolution 1. Direct Observations 2. Fossil Record 3. Homology 4. Biogeography Evidence for Evolution: 1. Direct Observations Examples: Insect populations become resistant to pesticides (DDT) Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (MRSA) Peppered moth (pollution in city vs. country) Evidence for Evolution: 2. Fossil Record Fossils = remains or traces of organisms from past Found in sedimentary rock Paleontology: study of fossils Show evolutionary changes that occur over time and origin of major new groups of organisms Ankle bones Prokaryotes (oldest fossils) eukaryotes (fish – amphibians – reptiles – birds – mammals) Transitional forms = links to modern species Evidence for Evolution: 3. Homology Homology: characteristics in related species can have underlying similarity even though functions may differ Examples: Homologous structures: similar anatomy from common ancestors (eg. forelimbs of human/cat/whale/bat) Embryonic homologies: similar early development (eg. vertebrate . | Ch. 22 Warm-Up Compare and contrast natural selection vs. artificial selection. What are the key ideas of natural selection? Define and give an example for the following: Homologous structure Vestigial structure Analogous structure Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life Part B: Evidence for Evolution What you must know: Several examples of evidence for evolution. The difference between structures that are homologous and those that are analogous, and how this relates to evolution. Recap main ideas of natural selection: Evolution is change in species over time. There is overproduction of offspring, which leads to competition for resources. Heritable variations exist within a population. These variations can result in differential reproductive success. Over generations, this can result in changes in the genetic composition of the population. Remember: Individuals do NOT evolve! Populations evolve. Evidence for Evolution: Direct Observations Fossil Record Homology .