tailieunhanh - Lecture AP Biology - Chapter 3: Water and the fitness of the environment

Chapter 3 - Water and the fitness of the environment. This chapter describes the structure of the water molecule and explores the many ways that polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds among water molecules affect organisms and their interactions with their environments. In addition, this chapter discusses topics including concentrations of solutions, hydrogen ion concentration (pH), and buffer solutions. | Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances. Give an example of each. Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment You Must Know The importance of hydrogen bonding to the properties of water. Four unique properties of water, and how each contributes to life on Earth. How to interpret the pH scale. The importance of buffers in biological systems. 1. Polarity of H2O O- will bond with H+ on a different molecule of H2O = hydrogen bond H2O can form up to 4 bonds 2. Properties of H2O Cohesion = H-bonding between like molecules Surface Tension = measure of how difficult it is to break or stretch surface of liquid 2. Properties of H2O Adhesion = bonding between unlike molecules Adhesion of H2O to vessel walls counters ↓ pull of gravity 2. Properties of H2O C. Transpiration = movement of H2O up plants H2O clings to each other by cohesion; cling to xylem tubes by adhesion 3. Moderation of temperature Heat = Total amount of KE in system Temperature = measure intensity of heat due to average KE of molecules Which has higher temp? More heat? 3. Moderation of temperature Water’s high specific heat Change temp less when absorbs/loses heat Large bodies of water absorb and store more heat warmer coastal areas Create stable marine/land environment Humans ~65% H2O stable temp, resist temp. change 3. Moderation of temperature Evaporative Cooling Water has high heat of vaporization Molecules with greatest KE leave as gas Stable temp in lakes & ponds Cool plants Human sweat 3. Moderation of temperature Insulation by ice – less dense, floating ice insulates liquid H2O below Life exists under frozen surface (ponds, lakes, oceans) Ice = solid habitat (polar bears) 4. Solvent of life Solution = liquid, homogeneous mixture of 2+ substances Solvent = dissolving agent (liquid) Solute = dissolved substance Water = versatile solvent 4. Solvent of | Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances. Give an example of each. Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment You Must Know The importance of hydrogen bonding to the properties of water. Four unique properties of water, and how each contributes to life on Earth. How to interpret the pH scale. The importance of buffers in biological systems. 1. Polarity of H2O O- will bond with H+ on a different molecule of H2O = hydrogen bond H2O can form up to 4 bonds 2. Properties of H2O Cohesion = H-bonding between like molecules Surface Tension = measure of how difficult it is to break or stretch surface of liquid 2. Properties of H2O Adhesion = bonding between unlike molecules Adhesion of H2O to vessel walls counters ↓ pull of gravity 2. Properties of H2O C. Transpiration = movement of H2O up plants H2O clings to each other by cohesion; cling to .

• Sinh học
• Lecture AP Biology
• Systems biology
• Biological sciences
• Biological organization
• Hydrogen bonding
• Water’s properties
• Conservation biology
• Global change
• Levels of biological organization
• Elements of life
• Atomic structure
• Importance of carbon
• Diversity of carbon
• Nucleic acids
• Large biological molecules
• Cell theory
• Cellular function
• Membrane structure
• Membrane function
• Anabolic pathways
• Law of thermodynamics
• Cellular respiration
• Chemical energy
• Calvin cycle
• Light reactions
• Cell communication
• Cell signaling
• Cell cycle
• Cell division
• Sexual life cycles
• Inheritance of genes
• Mendelian genetics
• Mendel’s experimental
• Chromosomal basis of inheritance
• Human development
• Molecular basis
• Structure of DNA
• Genetic information
• Gene expression
• Genetics of viruses
• Metabolic pathways
• Viral reproduction
• Lysogenic reproductive cycles
• Recombinant DNA technology
• Restriction enzymes
• Genome sequencing
• Gene density
• Darwinian view of life
• Evolutionary theory
• Evidence for evolution
• Convergent evolution
• Evolution of populations
• Natural selection