tailieunhanh - Ebook Educational psychology (5th edition): Part 2

(QB) Part 2 book "Educational psychology" has contents: Complex cognitive processes, social constructivist approaches, learning and cognition in the content areas, managing the classroom, standardized tests and teaching, classroom assessment and grading,.and other other contents. | Page 294 11/15/10 1:11 PM user-f469 /Volumes/208/MHSF222/san7878x_disk1of1/007337878x/san7878x_pagefile C H A P T E R 9 COMPLEX COGNITIVE PROCESSES I think, therefore I am. —René Descartes French Philosopher and Mathematician, 17th Century Chapter Outline Conceptual Understanding Learning Goals 1 Discuss conceptual understanding and strategies for teaching concepts. 2 Describe several types of thinking and ways that teachers can foster them. 3 Take a systematic approach to problem solving. 4 Define transfer and explain how to enhance it as a teacher. What Are Concepts? Promoting Concept Formation Thinking What Is Thinking? Reasoning Critical Thinking Decision Making Creative Thinking Problem Solving Steps in Problem Solving Obstacles to Solving Problems Developmental Changes Problem-Based Learning and Project-Based Learning Transfer What Is Transfer? Types of Transfer Cultural Practices and Transfer 294 Page 295 11/15/10 1:11 PM user-f469 /Volumes/208/MHSF222/san7878x_disk1of1/007337878x/san7878x_pagefile Teaching Stories Marilyn Whirry Marilyn Whirry is a twelfth-grade English teacher at Mira Costa High School in Manhattan Beach, California. In 1999 she was named Teacher of the Year in the United States and honored at a White House Reception. The following description of Marilyn’s teaching appeared in a report by the Council of Chief State School Officers (2005, pp. 1–3). Marilyn’s enthusiasm for life carries over into the classroom. Marilyn says about her life: “It is a canvas with swirling brush strokes that depict the motifs of my experience.” According to Marilyn, teachers may never know how many students’ lives they changed for the better because of their sense of responsibility and excitement for life. Marilyn’s teaching philosophy centers around embracing and celebrating the act of learning. She says that teachers need to help .