tailieunhanh - Ebook Intermediate accounting (10E): Part 1

(BQ) Part 1 book "Intermediate accounting" hass contents: The environment of financial reporting, review of a company’s accounting system, the balance sheet and the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity, the income statement and statement of cash flows, additional aspects of financial reporting and financial analysis,.and other contents. | CONCEPTUAL REFERENCE GUIDE This outline is intended to provide the reader with a quick reference to the conceptual basis underlying financial accounting and reporting. I. EXTERNAL USERS AND USES OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING INFORMATION A. External Users: Actual or potential investors (stockholders and bondholders), creditors (., suppliers and lending institutions), and other users (., employees, stock exchanges). B. Primary Decisions: To (1) buy, (2) hold, or (3) sell a particular security; or to (1) extend credit, (2) maintain a credit relationship, or (3) not extend credit. II. OBJECTIVES OF FINANCIAL REPORTING A. General Objective: Provide information useful in making rational investment, credit, and similar decisions. B. External User Objective: Provide information useful in assessing amounts, timing, and uncertainty of prospective cash receipts from dividends and interest, and the proceeds from the sale, redemption, or maturity of securities and loans. C. Company Objective: Provide information useful in assessing amounts, timing, and uncertainty of prospective net cash flows to the related company. D. Specific Objectives: Provide information about a company’s: (1) economic resources, obligations, and owners’ equity; (2) comprehensive income and its components; and (3) cash flows. E. Other Objectives: Provide (1) information about how the management of a company has discharged its stewardship responsibility to owners and (2) explanations and interpretations by management to help external users understand the financial information presented. III. TYPES OF USEFUL ACCOUNTING INFORMATION A. Return on Investment: Amount of return on capital that may be distributed to investors or reinvested. Measure of overall company performance. B. Risk: Uncertainty or unpredictability of the future results. C. Financial Flexibility: Ability to adapt to change. D. Liquidity: How quickly assets can be converted into cash to pay bills. E. Operating Capability: Ability to .