tailieunhanh - Ebook Contemporary labor economics (11th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Contemporary labor economics" has contents: Mobility, migration, and efficiency; the economic impact of unions; the economic impact of unions bargaining; labor market discrimination; government and the labor market - legislation and regulation; the distribution of personal earnings,.and other contents. | 9 Chapter Mobility, Migration, and Efficiency After reading this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Distinguish between the various types of labor mobility and explain the relative importance of each. 2. Use the analytical framework of human capital investment to explain the migration decision of a household. 3. Discuss the determinants of migration. 4. Discuss the economic consequences of labor migration. 5. Explain how capital and product flows affect wage differentials and labor mobility. 6. Summarize the history of . immigration policy and critically evaluate the economic impact of illegal immigration. You most likely know someone who has recently changed employers, occupations, or job locations. Indeed, the movement of workers—labor mobility—is one of the striking features of labor markets. Alvarez, an auto mechanic, moves from Arizona to Arkansas. Pearson, a public school teacher, quits to become a private detective. Kioski, an executive of a North Carolina firm, gets transferred to New Mexico. In the real world, changes are common in such things as product demand, labor productivity, levels of human capital, family circumstances, and personal attitudes toward nonwage amenities. These changes induce some workers to switch employers, occupations, geographical locations, or some combination of all three. Also, employers respond to changing economic circumstances by hiring, transferring, or discharging workers; closing or expanding present facilities; or moving operations to new locations. Combined, these actions of workers and employers produce much movement of labor from employer to employer, occupation to occupation, and place to place. Careful observation often reveals that this mobility arises in response to transitional ­ 264  Chapter 9  Mobility, Migration, and Efficiency wage differentials, which tend to erode as markets move toward equilibrium. M ­ obility is central to the operation of labor .