tailieunhanh - Ebook Social psychology (9th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Social psychology" has contents: Stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination; attitudes, conformity, group processes, attraction and close relationships, helping others, health and well being,.and other contents. | Review Intergroup Friendships and Extended Contact l  Having friends from outgroups is associated with decreased intergroup anxiety and prejudice. This link has been established in both correlational and experimental studies. l  Research on the extended contact effect, also known as the indirect contact effect, demonstrates that having an ingroup friend who has a good and close relationship with a member of an outgroup can reduce one’s prejudice toward the outgroup. The Jigsaw Classroom l  Schools often fail to meet the conditions for reducing prejudice, in part because competition is too high. One program that is designed to foster intergroup cooperation and interdependence suggests that the right kinds of contact can improve attitudes and behaviors in a school setting. Shared Identities l  Research on the Common Ingroup Identity Model has found that if members of different groups recategorize themselves as members of a more inclusive superordinate group, intergroup attitudes and relations tend to improve. l  Members of minority groups or groups that have less power in a society may prefer and benefit more from dual-identity categorizations that allow them to preserve their smaller group identity but to recognize their connection with the majority or more powerful group. Trust, Belonging, and Reducing Stereotype Threat l  Even small changes in the situational factors that give rise to stereotype threat can reduce or eliminate their effects in particular settings. l  Individuals tend to be more protected against stereotype threats when they are made to feel a sense of trust and safety in the situation. l  A study of middle schoolers showed that the simple intervention of asking students to think about values that were important to them dramatically improved the performance of African American students. l  Stereotype threat can undermine an individual’s sense of belonging in a particular setting, such as in a school. Interventions .