tailieunhanh - Ebook Principles of economics (10th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Principles of economics" has contents: Introduction to macroeconomics, measuring national output and national income, aggregate expenditure and equilibrium output, the government and fiscal policy, the labor market in the macroeconomy, alternative views in macroeconomics,.and other contents. | PART IV CONCEPTS AND PROBLEMS IN MACROECONOMICS Introduction to Macroeconomics Macroeconomics is part of our everyday lives. If the macroeconomy is doing well, jobs are easy to find, incomes are generally rising, and profits of corporations are high. On the other hand, if the macroeconomy is in a slump, new jobs are scarce, incomes are not growing well, and profits are low. Students who entered the job market in the boom of the late 1990s in the United States, on average, had an easier time finding a job than did those who entered in the recession of 2008–2009. Given the large effect that the macroeconomy can have on our lives, it is important that we understand how it works. We begin by discussing the differences between microeconomics and macroeconomics that we glimpsed in Chapter 1. Microeconomics examines the functioning of individual industries and the behavior of individual decision-making units, typically firms and households. With a few assumptions about how these units behave (firms maximize profits; households maximize utility), we can derive useful conclusions about how markets work and how resources are allocated. Instead of focusing on the factors that influence the production of particular products and the behavior of individual industries, macroeconomics focuses on the determinants of total national output. Macroeconomics studies not household income but national income, not individual prices but the overall price level. It does not analyze the demand for labor in the automobile industry but instead total employment in the economy. Both microeconomics and macroeconomics are concerned with the decisions of households and firms. Microeconomics deals with individual decisions; macroeconomics deals with the sum of these individual decisions. Aggregate is used in macroeconomics to refer to sums. When we speak of aggregate behavior, we mean the behavior of all households and firms together. We also speak of aggregate consumption and aggregate investment,

• Kinh tế học
• Principles of economics
• Measuring national output
• National income
• Aggregate expenditure
• Equilibrium output
• The government and fiscal policy
• Lecture Principles of economics
• Ten principles of economics
• People face tradeoffs
• Opportunity cost
• Marginal changes
• Economics of information
• Consumer choice
• Free rider problem
• Market transactions
• Welfare Economics
• Consumer surplus
• Demand curve
• Efficiency of markets
• Nature of an externality
• Market inefficiency
• Negative externalities
• Principles of microeconomics
• Lecture Principles of microeconomics
• Scarce resources
• Scarcity implies choice
• Choice implies cost
• Principles of agricultural economics
• Agricultural economics
• Economics of agricultural production
• Theory of consumer behaviour
• Economics of market demand
• Dynamics in demand analysis
• Analysis of agricultural markets
• Agricultural markets
• Economics of trade
• Costs of taxation
• Deadweight loss
• Laffer curve
• Supply side economics
• Market forces
• Supply and demand
• Market economies
• Competitive Markets
• Thinking like an economist
• Economic models
• Circular flow diagram
• Production possibilities frontier
• The gains from trade
• Production possibilities
• Comparative advantage
• Absolute advantage
• Costs of production
• Total revenue
• Total cost
• Opportunity costs
• Price elasticity of demand
• Price elasticity
• Midpoint method
• Demand curves
• Factors of production
• Demand for labor
• Production function
• Marginal product of labor
• Controls on prices
• Price ceiling
• Price floor
• Market outcomes
• Theory of consumer choice
• Budget constraint
• Indifference curve
• Marginal rate of substitution
• Measuring nation’s income
• Economy’s income
• Gross domestic product
• Components of GDP
• International trade
• Determinants of trade
• Equilibrium without trade
• Production and growth
• Economic growth
• Monetary system
• Functions of money
• Federal reserve
• Central bank
• Open economy macroeconomics
• Economy macroeconomics
• Closed economy
• Open economy
• Public goods
• Common resource
• Types of goods
• Cost benefit analysis
• Aggregate demand
• Aggregate supply
• Short run economic fluctuations
• Economic fluctuations
• Tax system
• Federal Government
• Marginal tax rate
• Budget surplus
• Macroeconomic policy
• Debate over macroeconomic policy
• Stabilize the economy
• Monetary policy