tailieunhanh - Ebook Biological psychology: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Biological psychology" has contents: Mood disorders and schizophrenia, cognitive functions, the biology of learning and memory, emotional behaviors, reproductive behaviors, internal regulation, wakefulness and sleep. | 8 Movement CHAPTER OUTLINE MODULE The Control of Movement Muscles and Their Movements Units of Movement In Closing: Categories of Movement MODULE Brain Mechanisms of Movement The Cerebral Cortex The Cerebellum The Basal Ganglia Brain Areas and Motor Learning In Closing: Movement Control and Cognition MODULE Movement Disorders Parkinson’s Disease Huntington’s Disease In Closing: Heredity and Environment in Movement Disorders Exploration and Study MAIN IDEAS 1. Movement depends on overall plans, not just connections between a stimulus and a muscle contraction. 2. Movements vary in sensitivity to feedback, skill, and variability in the face of obstacles. 3. Damage to different brain locations produces different kinds of movement impairment. 4. Brain damage that impairs movement also impairs cognitive processes. That is, control of movement is inseparably linked with cognition. B efore we get started, please try this: Get out a pencil and a sheet of paper, and put the TRY IT pencil in your nonpreferred hand. For example, YOURSELF if you are right-handed, put it in your left hand. Now, with that hand, draw a face in profile—that is, facing one direction or the other but not straight ahead. Please do this now before reading further. If you tried the demonstration, you probably notice that your drawing is more childlike than usual. It is as if some part of your brain stored the way you used to draw as a young child. Now, if you are right-handed and therefore drew the face with your left hand, why did you draw it facing to the right? At least I assume you did because more than two thirds of righthanders drawing with their left hand draw the profile facing right. Young children, age 5 or so, when drawing with the right hand, almost always draw people and animals facing left, but when using the left hand, they almost always draw them facing right. But why? The short answer is we don’t know. We have much to learn about the control of movement and how .