tailieunhanh - Lecture Microbiology - Chapter 7: Microbial genetics

Lecture Microbiology - Chapter 7: Microbial genetics. This chapter presents the following content: Heredity, genetic information storage, DNA structure, DNA concepts, information transfer - gene expression, DNA replication, gene representation,. | MICROBIAL GENETICS CHAPTER 7 Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Heredity Diversity in the gene pool is vital Eukaryotes – Mating partners – Random chromosome alignment during Meiosis I – Homologous chromatid recombination events Prokaryotes – Mutation/ rapid reproduction rates – Lateral gene transfer () Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Genetic Information Storage Chromosomal sizes – E. coli 4 x 106 bp – H. sapiens 3 x 109 bp Microbial gene size ~1000bp Gene composition - CG rich Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. DNA Structure Double stranded Helical Sugar-phosphate backbone – 5’ to 3’ orientation Base pairs – A-T – C-G Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. DNA Concepts Genes – Functional unit encoding a protein or RNA product – Often determine a single characteristic – Units are located at fixed loci along the chromosome Alleles – Variations in the base sequences of a gene – Their diversity expands the gene pool Mutations – Alterations in gene sequence which create new alleles – Many chemical and physical causes 5 Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights .