tailieunhanh - Ebook Gross - Psychology (6th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Gross - Psychology" has contents: Aggression and antisocial behaviour, altruism and prosocial behaviour, early experience and social development, development of the self concept, moral development, gender development, treatments and therapies, application - criminological psychology,.and other contents. | Chapter 29 AGGRESSION AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR Introduction and overview (p. 449) Defining aggression (p. 450) The importance of intention (p. 450) Theories of aggression (p. 450) Lorenz’s ethological approach (p. 450) Evolutionary explanations (p. 451) Freud’s psychoanalytic approach (p. 451) An evaluation of Freud’s theory (p. 452) The frustration–aggression hypothesis (FAH) (p. 452) Some criticisms of the original FAH (p. 453) Aggressive cue theory (ACT) (p. 453) An evaluation of ACT (p. 454) The social learning theory approach and media violence (p. 455) SLT and the effects of the media (p. 455) Methods used to study TV violence (p. 456) How does television exert its effects? (p. 457) What’s the evidence for the harmful effects of media violence? (p. 459) Meet the Researcher: Barbara Krahé (p. 460) Deindividuation (p. 462) Empirical studies of deindividuation (p. 462) The social constructionist approach (p. 463) Conclusions (p. 463) Chapter summary (p. 463) Links with other topics/chapters (p. 464) Dynamic Learning Resources (p. 464) INTRODUCTION and OVERVIEW Philosophers and psychologists have been interested in human aggression for a long time. According to Hobbes (1651), people are naturally competitive and hostile, interested only in their own power and gaining advantage over others. Hobbes argued that to prevent conflict and mutual destruction, people need government. This pessimistic view of human nature was shared by Freud and Lorenz, albeit for different theoretical reasons. Like McDougall, Freud and Lorenz saw aggression as an instinct (see Chapter 9). In Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, aggression is inherently self-destructive, but in practice is directed outwards, mainly at other people, demonstrated all too clearly in the carnage of war. According to Lorenz’s ethological theory, human beings have lost the means of controlling their aggression that other species possess, and in addition have invented weapons that allow aggression to take place from