tailieunhanh - Lecture Biology (6e): Chapter 34 - Campbell, Reece
Chapter 34 - Vertebrate evolution and diversity. This chapter list the derived traits for: chordates, craniates, vertebrates, gnathostomes, tetrapods, amniotes, birds, mammals, primates, humans; describe the trends in mineralized structures in early vertebrates; describe and distinguish between Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes; describe an amniotic egg and explain its significance in the evolution of reptiles and mammals. | CHAPTER 34 VERTEBRATE EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section A: Invertebrate Chordates and the Origin of Vertebrates 1. Four anatomical features characterize the phylum Chordata 2. Invertebrate chordates provide clues to the origin of vertebrates Humans and their closest relatives are vertebrates. This group includes other mammals, birds, lizards, snakes, turtles, amphibians, and the various classes of fishes. They share several unique features including a backbone, a series of vertebrae. The vertebrates belong to one of the two major phyla in the Deuterostomia, the chordates. Introduction Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The phylum Chordata includes three subphyla, the vertebrates and two phyla of invertebrates, the urochordates and the cephalochordates. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. Although chordates vary widely in appearance, all share the presence of four anatomical structures at some point in their lifetime. These chordate characteristics are a notochord; a dorsal, hollow nerve cord; pharyngeal slits; and a muscular, postanal tail. 1. Four anatomical features characterize the phylum Chordata Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. 1. The notochord, present in all chordate embryos, is a longitudinal, flexible rod located between the digestive tube and the nerve cord. It is composed of large, fluid-filled cells encased in fairly stiff, fibrous tissue. It provides skeletal support throughout most of the length of the animal. While the notochord persists in the adult stage of some invertebrate chordates and primitive vertebrates, it remains as only a remnant in vertebrates with a more complex, jointed skeleton. For example, it is the gelatinous material of the disks between vertebrae in humans. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as . | CHAPTER 34 VERTEBRATE EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section A: Invertebrate Chordates and the Origin of Vertebrates 1. Four anatomical features characterize the phylum Chordata 2. Invertebrate chordates provide clues to the origin of vertebrates Humans and their closest relatives are vertebrates. This group includes other mammals, birds, lizards, snakes, turtles, amphibians, and the various classes of fishes. They share several unique features including a backbone, a series of vertebrae. The vertebrates belong to one of the two major phyla in the Deuterostomia, the chordates. Introduction Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The phylum Chordata includes three subphyla, the vertebrates and two phyla of invertebrates, the urochordates and the cephalochordates. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fig. Although chordates vary widely in .
đang nạp các trang xem trước
