tailieunhanh - Ebook An introduction to computational fluid dynamics: Part 2

(BQ) This book presents the fundamentals of computational fluid mechanics for the novice user. It provides a thorough yet user-friendly introduction to the governing equations and boundary conditions of viscous fluid flows, turbulence and its modelling, and the finite volume method of solving flow problems on computers. | 6 Solution Algorithms for Pressure-Velocity Coupling in Steady Flows Introduction The convection of a scalar variable Ộ depends on the magnitude and direction of the local velocity field. To develop our methods in the previous chapter we assumed that the velocity field was somehow known. In general the velocity field is however not known and emerges as part of the overall solution process along with all other flow variables. In this chapter we look at the most popular strategies for computing the entire flow field. Transport equations for each velocity component - momentum equations - can be derived from the general transport equation by replacing the variable Ộ by u V and w respectively. The velocity field must of course also satisfy the continuity equation. Let US consider the equations governing a two-dimensional laminar steady flow x-momentum equation Ỡ d di du d du dp _ puu pvw 77- _ 5 61 dx dy dx dx dy dy dx y-momentum equation d d di dv d i dv dp - - puv - - pw - dx dy dx dx J dy dy J dy continuity equation The pressure gradient term which forms the main momentum source term in most flows of engineering importance has been written separately to facilitate the discussion that follows. 136 Solution algorithms for pressure-velocity coupling in steady flows The solution of equation set presents US with two new problems The convective terms of the momentum equation contain non-linear quantities for example the first term of equation is the x-derivative of pu2. All three equations are intricately coupled because every velocity component appears in each momentum equation and the continuity equation. The most complex issue to resolve is the role played by the pressure. It appears in both momentum equations but there is evidently no transport or other equation for pressure. If the pressure gradient is known the process of obtaining discretised equations for velocities from the momentum equations is similar to that for any other scalar and

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