tailieunhanh - Diabeticcpg small 2 (Part 4)

Indicators for frank infection will also include pain (especially in the neuropathic patient), erythema, and induration. When bone or joint is visible or palpable at the depth of the ulcer, osseous infection becomes more likely (285, 423). A thorough discussion of the management of infected wounds is presented later in this document and summarized in Pathway 4. Unrecognized ischemia will also impair wound healing and must be diagnosed prior to development of infection or ischemic necrosis of the ulcer. When no progress or enlargement of the wound has taken place, re-examination of the vascular status of the extremity is warranted. | Table 9 Factors Favoring Wound Chronicity 426 Nutritional deficiency - Protein calorie - Vitamins - Minerals Tissue hypoxia - Ischemia - Venous insufficiency - Edema Infection bioburden Metabolic - Diabetes - Chronic renal insuffiency Malignancy Immune compromise - Immunosuppressive drugs - Steroids Mechanical - Pressure - Shear - Friction - Repetitive injury Miscellaneous - Inadequate debridement - Toxic wound care products - Radiation therapy - Aging debility Indicators for frank infection will also include pain especially in the neuropathic patient erythema and induration. When bone or joint is visible or palpable at the depth of the ulcer osseous infection becomes more likely 285 423 . A thorough discussion of the management of infected wounds is presented later in this document and summarized in Pathway 4. Unrecognized ischemia will also impair wound healing and must be diagnosed prior to development of infection or ischemic necrosis of the ulcer. When no progress or enlargement of the wound has taken place re-examination of the vascular status of the extremity is warranted Pathway 2 . This should include arterial Doppler segmental pressures with waveforms digital arterial pressures or measurement of transcutaneous oxygen partial pressures TcPO2 52 212 . Vascular surgical consultation should also be considered for further evaluation and treatment. Other parameters critical to wound healing should also be addressed including the need for further debridement or a change in off-loading modality. Nonadherence to prescribed treatments or off-loading can be especially problematic in patients with peripheral neuropathy 424 425 . Additional concerns may include renal insufficiency biochemical imbalances chronic anemia nutritional deficiencies or ulceration due to nondiabetic etiologies ie radiation malignancy etc 354 426 . Biopsy of chronic nonhealing wounds should always be considered. Table 9 summarizes the range of possible impediments to wound healing. DIABETIC .

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