tailieunhanh - Ebook Histology for pathologists (4/E): Part 2

Part 1 book “Histology for pathologists” has contents: Serous membranes, small intestine, vermi orm appendix, anal canal, gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary system, the lymph nodes, bone marrow, urinary bladder, ureter and renal pelvis, penis and distal urethra, and other contents. | 21 Serous Membranes Da rryl Ca rte r ■ La w r e n c e Tr u e ■ Ch ris to p h e r N. Otis ANATOMY 585 REACTIVE MESOTHELIUM 595 Reactive versus Neoplastic Mesothelium 596 Reactive Mesothelium versus Carcinoma 596 Endosalpingiosis and Endometriosis 597 Fibrous Pleurisy 598 Multilocular Peritoneal Inclusion Cyst 598 FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY 586 MESOTHELIAL CELLS 588 Morphology 588 Histochemistry 589 Immunohistochemistry 591 Ultrastructure 593 SUBMESOTHELIAL LAYER 593 Histochemistry 593 Immunohistochemistry 595 Interactions o Mesothelial and Submesothelial Cells REFERENCES 599 595 ANATOMY The mesothelium lines the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities. Mesothelial cells on the serous surfaces appear as a simple or cuboidal epithelium, although they are of mesodermal origin. They are supported by a brous submesothelial layer, which becomes continuous with the outer layer of invested viscera. The serous membranes show functional differentiation according to their derivation from visceral or parietal mesoderm. Because of space limitations, description of the gross anatomy of the mesothelium must be somewhat truncated, but some areas have functional differentiation that is re ected by their histologic features. The pleura is a continuous membrane that covers the chest wall and the lungs. The visceral pleura coats the entire pulmonary surface, including the major and minor ssures that divide the lungs into lobes, whereas the parietal pleura extends over the ribs, sternum, and supporting structures and is re ected over the mediastinal structures on both right and left. Posteriorly in the mediastinum, the two layers of parietal pleura are separated by a thin band of brovascular connective tissue. Superiorly, the cervical pleura is re ected into the retroclavicular area over the apex of the lung and is coated by a thickened layer of brous tissue and skeletal muscle; inferiorly, the diaphragmatic pleura represents its caudal extent. Anteriorly, the pleura is re .