tailieunhanh - Ebook BRS - Cell biology and histology (6/E): Part 2

Part 2 book “BRS - Cell biology and histology” has contents: Lymphoid tissue, endocrine system, skin, respiratory system, digestive system - oral cavity and alimentary tract, the urinary system, female reproductive system, male reproductive system, special senses, digestive system - glands. | LWBK615-c13[196-214].qxd 05/31/2010 10:48 AM Page 196 Aptara chapter 13 Endocrine System I. OVERVIEW—THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM A. The endocrine system is composed of several ductless glands, clusters of cells within certain organs, and isolated endocrine cells, so-called diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) cells, in the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. B. Glands of the endocrine system include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands. C. Function. The endocrine system secretes hormones into nearby capillaries and interacts with the nervous system to modulate and control the body’s metabolic activities. II. HORMONES Hormones are chemical messengers that are carried via the bloodstream to distant target cells. Hormones include low-molecular-weight water-soluble proteins and polypeptides (., insulin, glucagon, follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]) and lipid-soluble substances, principally the steroid hormones (., progesterone, estradiol, testosterone). A. Water-soluble hormones interact with specific cell surface receptors on target cells, which communicate a message that generates a biological response by the cell. 1. G protein–linked receptors are used by some hormones (., epinephrine, thyroidstimulating hormone [TSH], serotonin). Binding of the hormone to the G protein–linked receptor leads to production of a second messenger that evokes a target cell response. 2. Catalytic receptors are used by insulin and growth hormone. Binding of the hormone to the catalytic receptor activates protein kinases that phosphorylate target proteins. B. Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma membrane of target cells and bind to specific receptors in the cytosol or nucleus, forming hormone-receptor complexes that regulate transcription of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). III. OVERVIEW—PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS) The pituitary gland lies below the hypothalamus, to which it is structurally and .

• Y khoa - Dược
• Cell biology and histology
• Lymphoid tissue
• Endocrine system
• The urinary system
• Female reproductive system
• Male reproductive system
• Special senses
• Digestive system
• Cell biology
• Anatomy and histology
• High Yield facts
• Early and general
• Cell biology Membranes
• Cell Biology Cytoplasm
• Intracellular trafficking
• BRS cell biology and histology
• Plasma membrane
• Blood and hemopoiesis
• Circulatory system
• Cytoplasm and organelles
• Extracellular matrix
• Epithelia and glands
• Connective tissue
• Cartilage and bone
• Nervous system
• Respiratory system
• Lymphoid system and cellular immunology
• Integumentary system
• Gastrointestinal tract and glands
• Reproductive systems
• Head and neck
• Oral cavity and alimentary tract
• Blood constituents
• Lippincotts illustrated Q&A review of histology
• Epithelial tissue
• Blood and hematopoiesis
• Muscle tissue
• Nucleus
• Lymphoid System
• Cellular Immunology
• Cardiovascular System
• For the first aid USMLE step 1 2017
• Neurology and special senses
• Behavioral science
• Epithelialt issue
• Associated glands
• Lymphoid organs