tailieunhanh - Ebook Feigin and cherry’s textbook of pediatric infectious diseases (9/E): Part 2

Part 2 book “Feigin and cherry’s textbook of pediatric infectious diseases” has contents: Classification and nomenclature of viruses, human parvovirus B19, human bocaviruses, human polyomaviruses, human papillomaviruses, epstein-barr virus, monkeypox and other poxviruses, and other contents. | SECTION 17  ■  Viral Infections Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses 151  Marjorie J. Miller Viruses originally were differentiated from other microorganisms by their small size and their filterability. Initial efforts to classify viruses were based on disease, pathogenesis, organ tropisms, and epidemiologic characteristics rather than on physicochemical properties of the virus particle. During the 1950s and 1960s, many new viruses were being discovered while evidence of virus structure and composition also was emerging, thereby prompting proposals that viruses be grouped on the basis of shared virion properties. The herpesvirus,1 myxovirus,2 and poxvirus6 groups were among the first taxonomic groups delineated. As more information concerning the physicochemical characteristics of viruses accumulated, the need for a universal system of classification and nomenclature became apparent. The International Committee on Nomenclature of Viruses was established in 1966 at the International Congress of Microbiology in Moscow, some 20 years after a bacterial taxonomy first was published and 75 years after the discovery of viruses. In 1973, the International Committee on Nomenclature of Viruses became the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), which operates under the auspices of the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies. The ICTV classifies viruses isolated from vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, fungi, protozoa, bacteria, and mycoplasmas and publishes periodic reports summarizing the most recent developments in viral –19 Interim updates were published in Intervirology and more recently in Archives of Virology. The most updated information on virus taxonomy can be accessed through the Internet ( and ). The hierarchical levels of virus taxonomy consist of order, family, subfamily, genus, and species and are based on the structural, .