tailieunhanh - Ebook Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective: Part 2

Part 2 book “Introduction to communication disorders - A lifespan evidence- based perspective” has contents: Voice and resonance disorders, disorders of articulation and phonology, motor speech disorders, dysphagia, audiology and hearing loss, using augmentative and alternative communication. | 8 225 Voice and Resonance Disorders CHAPTeR LeARNING GoALS When you have finished this chapter, you should be able to: • Explain the normal processes of phonation and resonance • Describe the perceptual signs of voice and resonance disorders • Describe voice disorders that are associated with vocal misuse or abuse, medical or physical conditions, and psychological or stress conditions • Discuss the primary components of a voice and resonance evaluation • Describe the major goals of voice and resonance treatment, and effective voice and resonance treatment approaches and techniques 225 7/4/14 7:02 AM 226 Chapter 8 • Voice and Resonance Disorders oice is our primary means of expression and is an essential feature of the uniquely human attribute known as speech (Boone & McFarlane, 2000; Colton & Casper, 1996; Titze, 1994). Your voice reflects gender, personality, personal habits, age, and the general condition of your health. Research has shown that certain characteristics of the voice reflect various personality dimensions, and these vocal characteristics correlate well with standardized tests of personality (Colton & Casper, 1990; Markel et al., 1964). Your voice is an emotional outlet that mirrors your moods, attitudes, and general feelings. You can express anger by shouting and express affection by speaking softly; these types of vocal expression have great potential to evoke emotional responses from a listener. Resonance refers to the quality of the voice that is produced from sound vibrations in the pharyngeal, oral, and nasal cavities. Recall from Chapter 3 that sound energy produced by the vibrating vocal folds travels through the vocal tract, an acoustic resonator that serves to enhance or reduce particular frequencies of that sound. Thus, the size and shape of the pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity will directly affect the perceived sound, or quality, of your voice. In .