tailieunhanh - Ebook CT & MRI pathology – A pocket atlas: Part 2

Part 2 book “CT & MRI pathology – A pocket atlas” has contents: Gastrointestinal, benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder cancer, prostate carcinoma, ovarian cyst, uterine leiomyoma, rectal cancer, hepatobiliary, miscellaneous, trauma, and other contnents. | PART VI Abdomen 279 GASTROINTESTINAL Carcinoid Description: Carcinoids are rare, slow-growing cancers which start in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. Etiology: Unknown; however, genetic involvement is suspected. Epidemiology: Overall, cases per 100,000 population. They occur mostly in the appendix (50%) and small bowel (20%). The ileum is the most frequent site of involvement in the small bowel. Females and older adults are more commonly affected. Signs and Symptoms: The signs and symptoms may be vague. Patients may experience abdominal pain, bleeding, and bowel obstruction. Imaging Characteristics: Primary tumors may be small. Aggressive tumors >2 cm may have a necrotic center. May mimic a lymphoma. CT Appear as a bright wall mass with IV contrast. Thick fibrotic stranding radiates from the mass to adjacent bowel. Usually metastasize to the liver, are hypervascular, and best seen on the arterial phase. MRI T1-weighted signal is isointense to muscle. T1-weighted postgadolinium shows bright signal on delayed studies. T2-weighted signal may vary from isointense to hyperintense to muscle. Treatment: Surgery is the treatment of choice. Chemotherapy is helpful for metastatic spread. 280 Prognosis: Results are better if complete resection of the localized tumor is accomplished. FIGURE 1. Carcinoid. Pre- (A) and postcontrast (B) CTs of the abdomen show an enhancing, partially calcified, stellate mid-abdominal mesenteric mass with radiating bands of fibrosis and retraction of the surrounding small bowel, giving a classic “sunburst” appearance. FIGURE 2. Carcinoid. Contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) coronal multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) image shows similar findings as the axial images. In this image, multiple low-attenuation liver metastases can be seen. 281 Colorectal Cancer Description: Colorectal cancer (adenocarcinoma of the colon) is the most common malignant tumor affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Colorectal cancer often begins as a polyp .

• Y khoa - Dược
• CT & MRI pathology
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Bladder cancer
• Prostate carcinoma
• Ovarian cyst
• Uterine leiomyoma
• Rectal cancer
• A pocket atlas
• Submandibular salivary gland abscess
• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Contrast media
• Peritonsillar abscess
• Vertebral compression fracture
• BMC Cancer
• Paired rectal cancer cell lines
• Gene expression
• Total mesorectal excision
• Microarray analysis
• Primary rectal cancer
• Beyond total mesorectal excision plane
• Locally recurrent rectal cancer
• Benchmarking study
• Operative decision making
• Endoscopic ultrasound
• Rectal cancer stage
• Rectal tumors quickly
• Hypoechoic property
• Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
• Colorectal cancer
• Preoperative chemoradiotherapy
• Locally advanced rectal cancer
• Mutation load
• Receive radiotherapy
• Low rectal cancer
• High rectal cancer
• Laparoscopic surgery
• Oncological outcomes
• Propensity score matching
• Fluorouracil based preoperative chemoradiotherapy
• Locoregionally advanced rectal cancer
• Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
• Machine learning
• Early cost effectiveness analysis
• Navigation technology
• Early health technology assessment
• Local recurrent rectal cancer
• Preliminary results
• Robotic approach in rectal cancer surgery
• Rectal cancer surgery
• Underwent robotic surgery
• Ultra low anterior resection
• Non operative management
• Chemoradiation therapy
• Clinical complete response
• Pathologic complete response
• Adjuvant chemotherapy
• Phase III randomized trials
• Transanal surgery
• Distal rectal cancer
• Disease free survival rates
• Transanal total mesorectal excision
• Double team
• Mid low rectal cancer
• Transanal total mesorectal excision in treatment
• Double team or single team
• Rectal neoplasms
• Distant metastasis
• Capecitabine remains controversial
• Prognostic factor
• Intraperitoneal free cancer cells
• Cancer cells harvested
• Protein array
• Serum proteins
• Contemporary cancer therapy emphasize
• Biological indicators
• Radiation recall
• Neoadjuvant radiation therapy
• Metastatic disease
• Acute toxicity
• Intensified neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy
• Cancer related survival
• Disease free survival
• T cell infiltration
• Immune checkpoint blockade
• Cancer treatment
• Tumour stroma ratio
• Biological molecules
• Concurrent chemoradiotherapy
• Chloride channels in glioblastoma
• CCRT response
• Cancer cell motility
• Semi quantitatively assess
• Various clinicopathological features
• Abscopal effect
• Anti tumor effects
• Radiation therapy
• Immune checkpoint molecule