tailieunhanh - Ebook Muscles of chordates - Development, homologies, and evolution: Part 2

Part 2 book “Muscles of chordates - Development, homologies, and evolution” has contents: Development of muscles of paired and median fins in fishes, pectoral and pelvic appendicular muscle evolution from sarcopterygian fishes to tetrapods, forelimb muscles of tetrapods, including mammals, and other contnents. | 15 Development of Muscles of Paired and Median Fins in Fishes In Chapter 15 we use the zebrafish Danio rerio as a case study to illustrate the development of the muscles of all the five types of fins (pectoral, pelvic, caudal, anal, and dorsal) covered in this book. One reason is that D. rerio is the only fish for which the development of the muscles of all these types of fins was studied in detail in the same project, namely, by ourselves and our colleagues (see the following text), which allows a better comparison between the ontogeny of all these fins. Another reason is that, as noted in the preceding chapters, D. rerio is one of the most popular model organisms in various fields of biological research, particularly developmental biology. A significant percentage of evolutionary and developmental studies use this fish for evo-devo comparisons with different vertebrate taxa and for general discussions on the evolution of the appendages and even on paired fin–limb transitions that occurred during the origin of the tetrapod lineage (Zhang et al. 2010; Yano et al. 2012; Leite-Castro et al. 2016; Nakamura et al. 2016; Saxena and Cooper 2016). However, most of such studies are based on gene expressions and anatomical comparisons of the skeleton, usually not including details about soft tissues such as muscles (Nakamura et al. 2016; Saxena and Cooper 2016). Accordingly, despite the common use of the zebrafish as a model organism for developmental works and discussions on both paired and median appendages, almost nothing is known about the development of the fin musculature in these fishes. Patterson et al. (2008) studied the growth of the pectoral fin and trunk musculature and looked at different fiber types that constitute the abductor and adductor muscles, but the differentiation of these muscles and development of other pectoral muscles were not studied by them in detail. Cole et al. (2011) provided a general discussion on the development and evolution of the .