tailieunhanh - Lecture Issues in economics today - Chapter 21

After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Identify the main categories of government spending and the main sources of government revenue; summarize the different philosophies regarding the distribution of a nation's tax burden; explain the principles relating to tax shifting, tax incidence, and the efficiency losses caused by taxes; demonstrate how the distribution of income between rich and poor is affected by government taxes, transfers, and spending. | Chapter 21 Medicaid Chapter Outline THE WHAT’S, THE WHO’S AND THE HOW MUCH’S WHY MEDICAID COSTS SO MUCH MEDICAID AND THE ELDERLY The What’s Medicaid covers health care for the poor was established in 1964 was in full force in 1967 part of President Johnson’s Great Society Programs paired with Medicare (which covers health care for those over 65) is a state-administered program with federal matching funds. The Who’s Covers (1994) 18 million children 18 million adults 60% are female (75% of adults are women) 45% white; 24% black; 17% Hispanic (11% “unknown”) Children are eligible if they are under 19 and in households with income less than 133% of the poverty rate. they are under 1 and in households with income less than 185% of the poverty rate Adults are eligible if they qualify for TANF (Temporary Aid to Needy Families) SSI (Supplemental Security Income) Not all poor are covered 50% of those who live in households with income below 150% of the poverty line are not covered. The How . | Chapter 21 Medicaid Chapter Outline THE WHAT’S, THE WHO’S AND THE HOW MUCH’S WHY MEDICAID COSTS SO MUCH MEDICAID AND THE ELDERLY The What’s Medicaid covers health care for the poor was established in 1964 was in full force in 1967 part of President Johnson’s Great Society Programs paired with Medicare (which covers health care for those over 65) is a state-administered program with federal matching funds. The Who’s Covers (1994) 18 million children 18 million adults 60% are female (75% of adults are women) 45% white; 24% black; 17% Hispanic (11% “unknown”) Children are eligible if they are under 19 and in households with income less than 133% of the poverty rate. they are under 1 and in households with income less than 185% of the poverty rate Adults are eligible if they qualify for TANF (Temporary Aid to Needy Families) SSI (Supplemental Security Income) Not all poor are covered 50% of those who live in households with income below 150% of the poverty line are not covered. The How Much’s The federal government pays states a matching grant (ranging from 50% to 70%) that depends on the income of the state. The total federal government obligation is $120 billion The total state obligation is $60 billion More Details States establish reimbursement rates for procedures rates must be high enough so that patients have adequate coverage. States may choose to exclude some procedures most states choose not to cover abortions. Doctors and hospitals may choose not to accept Medicaid patients If they accept any patients for any procedure they must accept all patients for all procedures. It is an “all-or-nothing” proposition. Why Medicaid Costs So Much Per patient expenditures per year on Medicaid are substantially higher (about 20%) than non-Medicaid patients. In part, this is a feature of the clientele The poor tend to be less healthy and need more expensive treatments. Medicaid pays for nursing home expenses of the poor. Medicaid’s Impact on Overall Health Care Prices P* .